清代直隶州县灾荒救助研究

发布时间：2018-10-08 10:49

【摘要】：州县,是我国封建制度下各级行政单位中最小,也是最稳定的基本单位,是中央关乎民生的行政政策的具体执行者,也是与民众联系最为密切的行政单位。而灾荒严重威胁着人民生命和财产安全,也阻碍着地方政府治理地方、发展地方,因此地方政府对灾荒的救助与治理很是重视。直隶地区灾荒的成因主要有两种,一种是由战乱等引起的人文灾荒,一种是由水旱等灾害所引起的自然灾荒,本文主要指由自然灾害所引起的灾荒。本文以清代直隶州县行政救荒为出发点,分四个方面进行了论述。首先主要论述了清代直隶州县灾荒救助的行政运作模式,通过直隶各州县灾荒救助运作的程序以及主要行政人员(如办赈、查赈人员)的构成,从整体上分析直隶州县官员灾荒救助运作过程,为下文起到提纲挈领的作用。其次主要论述清代直隶各州县官员在灾害发生后对民众进行的生活方面的救助措施,通过政府采取的平抑物价、发放米粮、物资,帮助灾民建立住所等措施,保障了民众生命安全,维护了社会的稳定。再次主要论述了清代直隶州县官员为摆脱灾荒困境、恢复地方发展活力对民众进行的生产救助措施,主要包括预防和治理自然灾害、保护劳动力、保护生产工具、鼓励生产等措施,为地方生产的恢复与发展提供物质和政策保障,增加经济发展活力。最后通过对清代直隶州县官员采取的除了生活、生产方面之外的其他救助措施的论述,如为稳定地方秩序,如为避免人员的二次损害采取的医疗救助措施,为保障灾时物资、社会稳定等修复和重建公共设施,有助于家园的重建与社会的长治久安。本文试图从这四个方面出发,从整体上把握清代直隶州县进行灾荒救助的行政运作特点以及行政运作过程中的利与弊,分析清代直隶地方政府灾荒救助行政运作的经验与教训,为今日地方政府应对灾荒或行政运作模式,提供一定的指导和借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Prefectures and counties are the smallest and most stable administrative units in the feudal system of our country. They are the concrete executors of the central administrative policy concerning the people's livelihood and the administrative units most closely connected with the public. The famine seriously threatens the life and property safety of the people, and impedes the local government to govern and develop the local government, so the local government attaches great importance to the relief and management of the famine. There are two main causes of famine in Zhili, one is human famine caused by war, the other is natural famine caused by flood and drought, this paper mainly refers to the famine caused by natural disasters. Based on the administrative relief of Zhili county in Qing Dynasty, this paper discusses on four aspects. First of all, it mainly discusses the administrative mode of relief and relief in Zhili county in Qing Dynasty, the procedure of relief operation in Zhili county and the composition of main administrative personnel (such as relief personnel). From the overall analysis of Zhili County officials famine relief operation process, for the following outline of the role. Secondly, it mainly discusses the relief measures taken by officials of Zhili states and counties in the Qing Dynasty to help the people to live after the disaster, through the measures taken by the government to stabilize prices, distribute rice grains, materials, and help victims to build shelters, and so on. Has guaranteed the populace life safety, has maintained the social stability. Thirdly, the paper mainly discusses the measures of production assistance to the people by the officials of Zhili prefecture in order to get rid of the plight of famine and restore the vitality of local development in the Qing Dynasty, mainly including the prevention and control of natural disasters, the protection of labor force and the protection of production tools. To encourage production and other measures to provide material and policy support for the recovery and development of local production and increase the vitality of economic development. Finally, through the discussion of other relief measures taken by the officials of Zhili prefectures in the Qing Dynasty, in addition to life and production, for example, in order to stabilize local order, such as medical relief measures to avoid secondary damage to personnel, and to protect materials during disasters, Social stability and other repair and reconstruction of public facilities, contribute to the reconstruction of homes and social stability. From these four aspects, this paper tries to grasp the characteristics of the administrative operation and the advantages and disadvantages in the process of the relief of famine in Zhili County in the Qing Dynasty, and analyze the experience and lessons of the administration operation of the relief of famine in Zhili Prefecture in the Qing Dynasty. It provides some guidance and reference for local government to deal with famine or administrative operation mode.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K249

【相似文献】