六朝士族家训思想研究

发布时间：2019-03-05 16:00

【摘要】：六朝时期,士族家训随着家庭教育的兴盛而发展起来,成为家庭教育的重要形式之一。家训以道德教育为主要内容,训诫的对象主要是子孙及对其有教育义务的晚辈。虽然没有出现严格意义上体例完备的家训,但在日常的训诫中,家训的主体有意识地进行著述,传家的意义越来越明显。家训在士族教育中的实际作用,最重要的标准还是被训诫者的践行程度。根据现存史料记载分析统计,被训诫者对家训的遵循或违背例证几乎各占一半。其中,因事而述的家训由于现实的益处而更容易被受训诫者所接受与遵从;而日常以道德训诫为主的家训,影响被训诫者遵从或是违背的因素要更复杂一些,从现有的材料来看,训诫者自身的榜样效果与对其子的影响力是影响受训诫者的主要因素。众多的反面例证表明,这一时期的家训对子孙的约束力并不强,家训更像是父辈对子孙的一种期望,并非是一种主要的教育方式。士族家训也反映了训诫者自身的思想风貌。虽然六朝的士族家训往往以保身避祸为主要目标,但实际上也有相当一部分的家训作者,在家训中述其平生所志与思想理念,并希望子孙可以效其所志。但其理念与志向存在渺远、模糊的问题,使得其道德训诫的作用受到了削弱,尤其是家训中的家国观念最为明显,体现了家训在现实环境下对实用性与功利性的让步,而其对佛道思想的吸收也体现了这一特征。这些都表明,虽然六朝士族在家训中不乏述其平生所志与其道德操守的内容,但家训始终是以保全家族并使之长久兴盛为最终目的。
[Abstract]:In the six dynasties, the family training developed with the prosperity of family education, and became one of the important forms of family education. Family training is the main content of the moral education, the subject of the admonition is mainly the children and the late generation with the education obligation. Although there is no strict family training in strict sense, in the day-to-day training, the main body of the family training is made consciously, and the meaning of the family is becoming more and more obvious. The practical function of family training in the education of the family, the most important standard is the practice of the commandgers. According to the analysis and statistics of the existing historical materials, the observance or violation of the domestic training by the trainees is almost half the case. in which, as a result of the fact that the family training is more likely to be accepted and complied with by the rectus due to the practical benefits, the day-to-day family training, which is the subject of moral precepts, is more complex to the factors that are subject to or contrary to the subject, from the existing materials, The role model effect and the influence on his son are the main factors that affect the subject. A large number of negative examples show that this period of family training is not binding on the children and is not strong, and the family training is more like a kind of expectation of the parents to the children, and is not a major way of education. The family training of the family also reflects the thought and style of the exservists themselves. Although the family training of the six dynasties is often the main goal, but in fact there is quite a part of the author of the family, in the family training, the plan and the idea of the thought, and hope that the children can make it. But its concept and aim are far and far away and the problem of fuzzy is weakened, especially the concept of the family country in the family training is the most obvious, which embodies the concession of the domestic training to the utility and the utility in the real environment. This characteristic is also reflected in the absorption of the Buddhist thought. These have shown that, while the six-year-old scholar, in his family training, has the content of his or her moral integrity, the family's training has always been to preserve the family and make it a long-term and final purpose.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K23

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