汉代土地制度与农业经济组织研究

发布时间：2019-04-04 20:43

【摘要】：本文重新认识了汉代的土地制度。汉代是国家掌握全部的土地,土地按管理的部门可分为两部分,一个部分属于郡国地方政府代表中央管辖；另一部分属于少府等中央机构直接管辖。授田制是两汉基本的土地制度,授田由地方政府执行,授田后土地归私人所有,可以转让、继承和买卖。之后本文探讨了汉代小农制、租佃制、雇佣制、奴隶制不同的经济组织。先从土地制度和经济秩序的研究入手,论证商鞅变法是大共同体与个人结合,瓦解了小共同体。指出秦始皇统一六国后秦朝的土地制度与经济秩序与秦国时并不完全相同。授田制是汉代的基本土地制度,权贵集团享有土地赋税方面的特权。汉代小农之间生产要素的自由交易有效的保障了小农的生产效率。小农家庭收入的多渠道化,使小农得以维持家庭的生计和参加社交性活动,并保障人口的再生产。汉代小农与商品经济的关系密切。本文以土地出租者或可能的出租者分类考察汉代的租佃制,指出汉代租佃制并不发达,地租应为定额租而且基本为级差地租。汉代的雇佣可分为逐利性和求生型两类,农业中的雇佣多是短期性,很难维持一家人的生计,但是与租佃制与奴隶制相比较,汉代的雇佣较为普遍和发达。汉代的奴隶制可分为家庭内小生产型与大土地经营型两类,后者与商品经济的关系相关联。
[Abstract]:This paper re-understood the land system of Han Dynasty. The Han Dynasty was the state owned all the land, according to the department of land management can be divided into two parts, one part belongs to the county local government representative central jurisdiction, the other part belongs to the Shaofu and other central authorities directly under the jurisdiction. The land grant system is the basic land system of Han Dynasty. The land grant system is executed by the local government. After the land grant is privately owned, it can be transferred, inherited and bought and sold. After that, this article discusses the small-scale farming system, the tenancy system, the employment system, and the different economic organizations of slavery in Han Dynasty. Starting with the study of land system and economic order, it is proved that Shang Yang's reform is the combination of large community and individual, and disintegrates the small community. It is pointed out that the land system and economic order of Qin Dynasty after the unification of the six countries by Qin Shihuang are not exactly the same as those of Qin State. The land grant system was the basic land system of the Han Dynasty, and the power group enjoyed the privilege of land taxation. The free trade of factors of production between small farmers in Han Dynasty effectively guaranteed the production efficiency of small farmers. The multi-channel income of small farmers makes it possible for small farmers to maintain their livelihood and participate in social activities, and to ensure the reproduction of the population. The relationship between small farmers and commodity economy in Han Dynasty was close. This paper reviews the tenancy system of Han Dynasty according to the classification of land lessor or possible lessor, and points out that the tenancy system of Han Dynasty is not developed, and the rent of land should be fixed rent and basically differential rent. The employment of Han Dynasty can be divided into profit-driven and seeking-for-growth type. The employment in agriculture is short-term, it is difficult to maintain the family's livelihood, but compared with the rent-tenancy system and slavery, the employment of Han Dynasty is more common and developed. Slavery in Han Dynasty can be divided into two types: family small production type and large land management type. The latter is related to commodity economy.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K234

【参考文献】