清代江南乡试分闱动议考论

发布时间：2019-05-11 21:41

【摘要】：清代江南乡试分闱动议始自康熙,经雍正、乾隆、咸丰、同治,迄于光绪,历时久远,过程复杂。江南分闱之议此伏彼起,根源在于江南分省。无分省,便无分闱,这一原则不仅可以解释江南的情形,也同样适用于湖广、陕甘。江南乡试考生偏多而中额过少这一矛盾则是江南分闱之议不断出现的主要动力。由于江南两省自身的特点和帝国的大一统体制,江南分闱动议无果而终。其主要原因有:城市因素;江南两省官员、士绅群体对于分闱态度不一,甚至互相掣肘,始终未形成命运的共同体;清廷对江南采取防范、压制政策。在知识公平与区域公平发生冲突时,清廷艰难地选择了后者,致使江南两省为此付出了长期又沉重的代价。
[Abstract]:The Qing Dynasty Jiangnan Rural examination divided the examination motion from Kangxi, through Yongzheng, Qianlong, Xianfeng, Tongzhi, to Guang Xu, lasting a long time, the process is complex. The discussion of the division of the south of the Yangtze River lies in the division of the provinces in the south of the Yangtze River. If there is no province, there will be no division. This principle can not only explain the situation in the south of the Yangtze River, but also apply to Hu Guang, Shaanxi and Gansu. The contradiction that there are too many candidates and too few students in Jiangnan Township is the main driving force for the discussion of Jiangnan Branch. Due to the characteristics of the two provinces in the south of the Yangtze River and the unified system of the empire, the motion of the division of the two provinces in the south of the Yangtze River was fruitless. The main reasons are as follows: urban factors; officials and gentry groups of the two provinces in the south of the Yangtze River have different attitudes towards the division of the two provinces, or even restrict each other, and have never formed a community of destiny. The Qing government took precautions and suppressed policies against the south of the Yangtze River. In the conflict between knowledge fairness and regional justice, Qing Dynasty chose the latter hard, which caused the two provinces of Jiangnan to pay a long and heavy price.
【作者单位】：南京大学历史学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金重大招标项目“江南地域文化的历史演进”(项目号:10&ZD069)阶段性成果
【分类号】：K249

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