从长平之战论商鞅的军事法思想

发布时间：2019-05-18 16:11

【摘要】：商鞅变法是秦国崛起的重要契机，商鞅的思想对秦国影响之深尤甚于变法本身，而其最重者莫过于商鞅的军事法思想。对于身处战国乱世而又以天下为己任的秦国而言，商鞅的军事法思想正是其立国求存的根本。论文从史料中关于对长平之战的记载入手，旨在通过对商鞅军事法思想的分析论述，破析其对秦国兴衰的影响。全文共分为五个部分：绪论从秦国在战国时期所处的国际环境着手，叙述了论文的写作目的，并对论文的研究意义和研究价值进行了阐述。第一部分对商鞅军事法思想的核心内容“战法必本于政胜”——商鞅的农战思想进行论述。通过对长平之战中秦军获胜的原因的分析，阐述了商鞅农战思想的核心内容，认为商鞅农战思想中的“农”与“战”既可为一整体，又可独立作用，各为手段。第二部分对商鞅力主在秦国进行的军事制度改革进行论述，通过对长平之战中秦军主将白起命运的分析，阐述了商鞅军事法思想的又一重要内容——“权制独断于君”。第三部分从史料中关于对长平之战中秦军后勤的描述着手，具体分析了商鞅的“兵未起而错法”思想，分别对商鞅力主建立的什伍制度、兵员征集与储备制度、军事训练考核制度进行了分析论述。第四部分通过对秦军战力的分析，，论述了商鞅依法治军的思想及具体内容，阐述了商鞅的军事法思想是秦军战力高于六国的源动力。最后通过长平之战结局的分析研究，阐述了商鞅的军事法思想既是帮助秦国完成统一的利器，也是延缓秦国统一步伐甚至加速秦国灭亡的致命伤。
[Abstract]:Shang Yang's reform is an important opportunity for the rise of Qin. Shang Yang's thought has a deeper influence on Qin than the reform itself, and the most important one is Shang Yang's thought of military law. For the Qin State, which was in the troubled times of the warring States period and took the world as its own responsibility, Shang Yang's thought of military law was the foundation of his founding and survival. Starting with the records of the war of Changping in historical materials, this paper aims to analyze the influence of Shang Yang's thought on the rise and fall of Qin Dynasty through the analysis and discussion of Shang Yang's thought of military law. The full text is divided into five parts: the introduction starts from the international environment in which the Qin State lived in the warring States period, describes the writing purpose of the paper, and expounds the research significance and research value of the paper. The first part discusses Shang Yang's thought of agricultural warfare, which is the core content of Shang Yang's thought of military law, that is, "the law of war must be based on political victory". Based on the analysis of the reasons for Qin army's victory in the Changping War, this paper expounds the core contents of Shang Yang's thought of agricultural warfare, and holds that the "agriculture" and "war" in Shang Yang's thought of agricultural warfare can not only be a whole, but also act independently and each as a means. The second part discusses Shang Yang's military system reform in Qin State, and through the analysis of the fate of Qin army master in the Changping War, expounds another important content of Shang Yang's thought of military law, that is, "the system of power is arbitrary to the monarch". The third part starts with the description of Qin army logistics in the war of Changping in historical materials, analyzes Shang Yang's thought of "soldiers not rising but wrong", and separately analyzes Shang Yang's support for the establishment of the army system, the recruitment and reserve system of soldiers. The military training examination system is analyzed and discussed. The fourth part discusses Shang Yang's thought and concrete content of administering the army according to law through the analysis of Qin army's combat strength, and expounds that Shang Yang's thought of military law is the source motive force of Qin army's war strength higher than that of the six countries. Finally, through the analysis and study of the outcome of the war of Changping, this paper expounds that Shang Yang's thought of military law is not only a sharp weapon to help the Qin State complete the unification, but also a fatal injury to delay the pace of the unification of the Qin State and even accelerate the demise of the Qin State.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K231;D909.2;E266

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