北宋军马来源述论

发布时间：2019-06-05 02:29

【摘要】：北宋在与辽和西夏的战争中胜少败多，其中战马缺乏是导致失败的主要原因之一。众所周知，，在冷兵器时代，战马是决定战争胜败极为重要的因素。谁拥有战马资源越多，马匹的品质越高，谁就掌握了战争的主动权。北宋在与辽和西夏的对峙中，其强大的骑兵都给北宋的边防带来极其严重的威胁。北宋政府要建立一支能够与其对抗的骑兵，首要任务是要保证有充足的马源。论文主要分为三个部分：第一部分：通过饲养获得。介绍北宋政府设立牧监蕃息国马，然而因为地理和人为原因使得牧监养马逐渐被统治者所背弃；民间养马分为农户养马、官员养马及王安石变法后所采取的强兵措施——责官马民养：户马法、保马法、给地牧马法。第二部分：通过贸易获得。介绍北宋政府通过与周边的少数民族进行券马贸易、省马贸易和贡赐贸易获得。第三部分：其他途径获得。介绍北宋政府获取战马的其他途径，北宋周边的契丹族、党项族以及吐蕃诸族在内附北宋政府时，同时也将其携带的大量牲畜内附于宋朝，从而间接的为北宋提供了马源；北宋政府在与周边的少数民族交战时也获得大量的战马。
[Abstract]:The Northern Song Dynasty won and lost more in the wars with Liao and Xixia, among which the lack of horses was one of the main reasons for the failure. As we all know, in the era of cold weapons, war horses are a very important factor in determining the victory or defeat of the war. The more horse resources, the higher the quality of the horse, the initiative of the war. In the confrontation with Liao and Xixia in the Northern Song Dynasty, its powerful cavalry brought a very serious threat to the border defense of the Northern Song Dynasty. In order to set up a cavalry that can fight against it, the first task of the Northern Song Dynasty government is to ensure that there is an adequate horse source. The paper is divided into three parts: the first part: through feeding. This paper introduces the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty government to set up the pastoral supervisor and the national horse, however, because of geographical and human reasons, the pastoral supervision and the raising of the horse were gradually abandoned by the rulers. Folk horse raising is divided into farmers raising horses, officials raising horses and Wang Anshi's measures to strengthen the army after the reform-to charge horses and people to raise horses: Houma law, horse protection law, and pastoral horse law to the land. The second part: obtained through trade. This paper introduces the trade between the Northern Song Dynasty government and the neighboring ethnic minorities, the provincial horse trade and the tribute trade. The third part: other ways to obtain. This paper introduces other ways for the Northern Song Dynasty government to obtain the war horses. When the Qidan nationality, the Party Xiang nationality and the Tubo nationality around the Northern Song Dynasty were attached to the Northern Song Dynasty government, a large number of livestock they carried were also attached to the Song Dynasty, thus indirectly providing Ma Yuan for the Northern Song Dynasty. The Northern Song Dynasty government also obtained a large number of war horses when fighting with the surrounding ethnic minorities.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K244;E291

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