58海滦河流域河流系统生态环境需水量计算

  本文关键词：海滦河流域河流系统生态环境需水量计算，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。

500地理学报55卷；[10]LiLijuan.Waterresour；娟.柴达木盆地水资源承载力研究[J].环境科学,；EnvironmentalandEcologic；ofRiverSystemsinHaihe-Lu；LILi-juan,ZHENGHong-xing；(InstituteofGeographical；:Inthehistoryofwate

500地　　　理　　　学　　　报　　　　　　　　　　　　　55卷

[10]　LiLijuan.WaterresourcessupportingcapacityofQaidamBasin[J].EnvironmentalScience,2000(2):20-23.(InChinese)[李丽

娟.柴达木盆地水资源承载力研究[J].环境科学,2000(2):20-23.]

EnvironmentalandEcologicalWaterConsumption

ofRiverSystemsinHaihe-LuanheBasins

LILi-juan,ZHENGHong-xing

(InstituteofGeographicalSciences&NaturalResources,CAS,Beijing　100101,China)

:Inthehistoryofwaterutilizationanddevelopment,ourattentionhasalwaysAbstract

beenpaidonthebenefitwecouldgetfromriverswhileenvironmentalandecologicalfunctionoftheriversystemusedtobeneglected.Thustheactivitiesofwaterutilizationanddevelopmentwereaccompaniedbymoreandmoreseriousenvironmentalandecologicalproblems.Inordertoreducetheenvironmentalandecologicalproblemsinducedbywaterresourcesdevelopmentandutilization,thispaperhasproposedaconceptofenvironmentalandecologicalwaterconsumption.Ingeneral,wedefinedthattheenvironmentalandecologicalwaterconsumptionmeanstheminimumwaterthatmustbesavedinorconsumedbythenaturalwaterbodiestoconservetheirenvironmentalandecologicalfunctions.Basedonthedefinition,themethodsoncalculatingtheamountofenvironmentalandecologicalwaterconsumptionaredetermined.Waterconsumptioncanbedividedintothreeparts,i.e.thebasicwaterconsumptionofrivers,waterconsumptionfortransportationofsedimentsandsalts,waterconsumptionforevaporationofthelakes.Themethodsforcalculatingthedifferentpartsofwaterconsumptionwereshowninexpressions.InacasestudyonHai-LuanheBasins,thehydrologicalrecordsbefore1960,whichmayrepresentthenaturalconditionsoftheriversystems,wereusedforcalculating.Theresultsofthecalculationhaveshownthattheenvironmentaland

×108m3,including57×108m3forecologicalwaterconsumptionintheBasinsisabout124

×108m3fortransportationofsedimentsandsaltsand4×108m3forbasicconsumption,63

netevaporationlossoflakes.Thusitwasestimatedthatthetotalamountof

%ofthetotalamountofenvironmentalandecologicalwaterconsumptionaccounts54

83runoff(228×10m).However,therearestillsomeaspectsofenvironmentaland

ecologicalconsumptionthatarenotunderourconsideration.Itshouldberealizedthattherequiredamountofenvironmentalandecologicalwaterconsumptionmustbemorethanthatwehavecalculated.Accordingtothisresult,iftherationalutilizationrateoftherunoffinthebasinsismorethan40%,theproblemsofeco-environmentwillbeseriousbutthecurrentutilizationrateoftheBasinsisashighas80%.Itisontheurgencytocontrolandadjustwaterdevelopmentandutilizationtoeliminatethoseproblemsexistedandtoavoidthepotentialecologicalorenvironmentalcrisesthatarestillnotclear.

Keywords:environmentalandecologicalwaterconsumption;riversystems;Haihe-LuanheBasins

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  本文关键词：海滦河流域河流系统生态环境需水量计算，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。