城市餐饮富营养有机废水的微生物处理关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-12-13 06:23

【摘要】：随着经济的快速发展和人民生活水平的不断提高,全球餐饮行业的数量快速增长。餐饮行业所产生的废水一部分未经处理就排入环境中,而且近年来排放量也在不断升高。餐饮废水中有机物,脂肪,植物油和油脂(FOGS)等污染物会对环境和人体健康产生不利影响,这引起了各国政府的高度重视,为此制定了控制污水排放的相关法律。兰州是甘肃省的省会。近年来,兰州地区的餐饮业飞速发展,这使得有更多的未经处理的餐饮废水被排放。目前,餐饮废水的无害化处理成为亟待解决的问题。本文以兰州餐饮企业所产生的废水为研究对象,对餐饮废水中污染物含量(BOD5,CODcr,SS,TN,TP,NH3-N,LAS,pH,FOGS)进行了测定分析。采用微生物法和物理法相结合的方法处理废水,该方法具有操作简单、处理成本低、效率高、不产生二次污染的优点,其研究结果主要包括:(1)对兰州市餐饮废水的排放特点和分布区域进行了调查,参照国标方法以BOD5,CODcr,SS,TN,TP,NH3-N,pH,LAS,和食用油这10项污染指标为检测对象,对兰州市餐饮废水的水质进行测定和分析,在初步分析结果中,除了TN、NH3-N和pH这3项指标没有超过国家一级B标准外,其他7项检测结果全部高于国家一级B排放标准,初步掌握了兰州餐饮废水水质特征,为开展下一步研究工作和今后开展同类研究奠定了良好的基础。(2)根据兰州市餐饮废水水质特征,针对废水水质高CODcr、BOD5、和TP等特点,对餐饮废水处理中好氧、厌氧、物理吸附和固定化这4个关键技术进行了设计、研究,因此,本试验设计了高效、易操作的小型餐饮废水处理工艺,并对废水处理单元的相关参数进行了计算和相应的设计。(3)厌氧折流反应器(ABR)的抗水负荷能力较强,在整个运行过程中通过在驯化污泥中添加反硝化复合菌粉,能够较好的提高对餐饮废水的处理效率。在温度为20-30℃之间,并采用连续曝气的方式,经过35天7个循环周期的驯化运行完成了厌氧污泥的驯化。ABR运行处于稳定期时,当HRT为20h,pH为6.5-7.5,运行温度维持在25℃时,结果表明,厌氧处理对废水中污染物特别是对CODcr,BOD5和SS的去除率达到了77.3-87.2%,达到了ABR处理器的较好处理效果。(4)生物接触氧化法作为一种高效、简便和快捷的污水处理工艺,同时具备生物膜法和的活性污泥法的特点。生物接触氧化池在运行期间采用间歇式的方法,即每个循环周期进一次水并添加一定量的硝化菌粉。在好氧活性污泥驯化经过40天8个循环周期完成了驯化。在生物接触氧化池运行期间采用固定化技术进行挂膜,结果显示,固定化技术能够提高处理效率。为了进一步提高废水的处理效果,我们设计了低成本物理吸附处理工艺,采用炉渣,石英砂,活性炭作为吸附材料,三种材料组合试验效果最好。(5)利用分离纯化技术从活性污泥中获得污水处理优势菌种,并对其进行了菌种鉴定,共得到细菌7株,真菌10株,研究了优势菌种的进化关系,分析了优势菌种对餐饮废水中有机污染物的降解机理。(6)通过小型餐饮废水处理装置进行了废水处理组合放大试验研究,处理结果显示,经过该系统处理后出水达到国家一级B标准。本项研究中采用操作简便、高效、低成本、无二次污染的微生物复合处理方法对兰州市餐饮废水进行处理,出水达到了国家《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级B标准,以期可进一步进行中试和生产规模的试验研究。
[Abstract]:With the rapid economic development and the continuous improvement of the people's living standard, the number of the global catering industry has increased rapidly. Part of the waste water produced in the catering industry is discharged into the environment without being treated, and in recent years the emissions have also increased. The pollutants such as organic matter, fat, vegetable oil and grease (FOGS) in the catering wastewater will have a negative impact on the environment and the health of the human body, which has aroused the great attention of the governments, and the relevant laws for controlling the sewage discharge are formulated for this purpose. Lanzhou is the capital of Gansu province. In recent years, the rapid development of the catering industry in Lanzhou area has caused more untreated wastewater to be discharged. At present, the harmless treatment of catering wastewater is a problem to be solved urgently. In this paper, the pollutant content (BOD5, CODcr, SS, TN, TP, NH3-N, LAS, pH, FOGS) in the wastewater of the catering wastewater was determined and analyzed. The method has the advantages of simple operation, low treatment cost, high efficiency and no secondary pollution. The method has the advantages of simple operation, low treatment cost, high efficiency and no secondary pollution. According to the national standard, the water quality of the waste water in Lanzhou is determined and analyzed by BOD5, CODcr, SS, TN, TP, NH3-N, pH, LAS, and edible oil. In the preliminary analysis, in addition to TN, The three indexes of NH3-N and pH do not exceed the level-B standard at the national level, and the other seven test results are all higher than that of the B-emission standard at the national level, and the characteristics of the water quality of the Lanzhou catering wastewater are preliminarily mastered, thus laying a good foundation for carrying out the next research work and carrying out similar research in the future. (2) According to the characteristics of the water quality of the wastewater in the city of Lanzhou, the four key technologies such as aerobic, anaerobic, physical adsorption and immobilization in the wastewater treatment of the catering wastewater are designed and studied according to the characteristics of high CODcr, BOD5, and TP in the wastewater. The easy-to-operate small-sized catering wastewater treatment process and the related parameters of the wastewater treatment unit are calculated and the corresponding design is carried out. and (3) the water-resistant capacity of the anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) is strong, and the denitrification compound bacteria powder is added into the acclimatized sludge in the whole operation process, so that the treatment efficiency of the catering wastewater can be better improved. At the temperature of 20-30 鈩，

本文编号：2376062