低剂量敌百虫胁迫对中国林蛙的肝细胞毒性与分子响应

发布时间：2023-04-16 23:01

　　近年来,随着工农业的快速发展,大量危害动物生存环境和人类健康的化学品被释放到自然环境中。大量证据表明,空气、土壤和水域中许多化学污染物正在干扰野生动物和人类的正常生理活动。据报道,两栖动物种群数量在全球范围内正在急剧下降,其中人工合成化学物质对环境的污染是主要因素之一。两栖动物的繁殖和幼体发育在水环境中完成,水域化学污染物可能以致死剂量直接导致动物死亡,也可能通过亚致死剂量影响动物的代谢、免疫以及繁殖等机能。有机磷类杀虫剂(organophosphate insecticides,OPs)是继有机氯类被禁用后应用最为广泛的一类农药。它具有广谱、高效、残留期短以及使用成本低等特点,已成为当前主要的农药种类,占全球杀虫剂使用总量的70%以上。敌百虫(trichlorphon),化学名O,O-二甲基-(2,2,2-三氯-1-羟基乙基)磷酸酯(C4H8O4C13P),是一种最常见的有机磷农药,被广泛用于害虫防治以及养殖动物体内外寄生虫的杀灭。在水产养殖中,敌百虫通常用于防治水生昆虫对养殖对象的感染以及体外的蠕虫寄生,也可用于控制水体中的浮游生物的过度繁殖。然而,长期反复的使用将形成敌百虫对水源...

【文章页数】：111 页

【学位级别】：博士

【文章目录】：
摘要
Abstract
Chapter Ⅰ Rview on toxic mechanisms of organophosphate insecticidestowards non-target aquatilia
    1.1 Summary of OPs
        1.1.1 Physical and chemical properties of OPs
        1.1.2 The mechanism of OPs towards non-target organisms
    1.2 The toxic mechanisms of OPs towards non-target aquatilia
        1.2.1 The toxic effects of OPs towards non-target aquatilia
        1.2.2 Neurotoxicity and behaviors effect of OPs
        1.2.3 Endocrine, reproductive and developmental disruption effects of OPs
        1.2.4 Oxidative stress and histopathological responses of OPs
        1.2.5 Genotoxic effects and DNA damage of OPs
        1.2.6 Immunological responses of OPs
    1.3 Toxic mechanisms of OPs towards non-target aquatilia
    1.4 Studies of amphibians in ecotoxicology
    1.5 The purpose and significance of this study
Chapter Ⅱ Evaluation of toxic and genotoxic effects of low doses oftrichlorfon on Rana chensinensis tadpoles
    2.1 Introduction
    2.2 Materials and methods
        2.2.1 Experimental animals and treatments
        2.2.2 Tests of survival, growth, development and abnormalities
        2.2.3 Tests for micronucleus formation and nuclear abnormalities
        2.2.4 Single-cell gel electrophoresis assay
        2.2.5 DNA ladder assay
        2.2.6 Statistical analysis
    2.3 Results
        2.3.1 Analysis of survival, growth, development and morphological abnormalities
        2.3.2 Micronuclei assay
        2.3.3 DNA damage induced by trichlorfon
        2.3.4 DNA fragmentation induced by trichlorfon
    2.4 Discussion
    2.5 Conclusion
Chapter Ⅲ Oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in the frog, Ranachensinensis, when exposed to low doses of trichlorfon
    3.1 Introduction
    3.2 Materials and methods
        3.2.1 Chemicals and reagents
        3.2.2 Animals and treatments
        3.2.3 Biological assays
        3.2.4 Pathological analysis
        3.2.5 Statistical analysis
    3.3 Results
        3.3.1 Analysis of antioxidant enzyme activity
        3.3.2 Histocytopathological analysis
    3.4 Discussion
    3.5 Conclusion
Chapter Ⅳ Transcriptome analysis of Rana chensinensis liver undertrichlorfon stress
    4.1 Introduction
    4.2 Materials and methods
        4.2.1 Animals and treatments
        4.2.2 RNA isolation and deep sequencing
        4.2.3 Bioinformatics analysis
    4.3 Results
        4.3.1 Sequencing and de novo assembly
        4.3.2 Functional annotation of unigenes
        4.3.3 KEGG pathway analysis
    4.4 Discussion
    4.5 Conclusion
Chapter Ⅴ Identification and validation of DEGs induced by trichlorfonstress in Rana chensinensis Liver
    5.1 Introduction
    5.2 Materials and methods
        5.2.1 Animals and treatments
        5.2.2 Identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs)
        5.2.3 Validation of RNA-seq profiles by qPCR
    5.3 Results
        5.3.1 Identification of DEGs induced by trichlorfon stress
        5.3.2 Validation of RNA-seq profiles by qPCR
    5.4 Discussion
    5.5 Conclusion
Chapter Ⅵ Summary and conclusions
References
Supporting information
Acknowledgements
Publications



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