保护性耕作对西北半干旱黄土高原旱地农田生态系统土壤质量，作物生产力和温室气体排放的影响
发布时间：2024-04-26 20:55
黄土高原地区由于降雨不足、土壤肥力差、水土流失严重等因素,导致农作物生产能力低下;该地区大多数农户普遍采用传统耕作方法,保护性耕作并未得到普及。保护性耕作已被证明是有利于环境的,并且可以带来更高的作物产量。然而,保护性耕作对作物生产力、土壤和环境的影响差异,均是基于不同气候条件、耕作类型、耕作时间、土壤类型以及作物类型的差异。本研究旨在分析黄土高原保护性耕作措施对作物生产力和温室气体减排能力的影响。该研究采用3参数(3p)Logistic,Gompertz,Richards和Weibull模型,利用以下处理方法评估秸秆和无秸秆处理下的生物量积累[早播春耕小麦(ESW-T);用耕作和秸秆覆盖(ESW-TS)早播春小麦;春耕小麦正常播种(NSW-T);用耕作和秸秆覆盖正常播种春小麦(NSW-TS);春播小麦播种(LSW-T)和播种春播小麦播种和秸秆覆盖(LSW-TS)]。为了对该地区春小麦可持续生产提出全面建议,本研究于2016-2019年间进行了田间试验,研究了黄土高原西部半干旱寒冷气候下,保护性耕作对土壤性质、春小麦产量和温室气体排放的影响,并分析了温室气体通量对耕作方式引起的环境变量...
【文章页数】：156 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
SUMMARY
摘要
CHAPTER 1:INTRODUCTION
1.1 TRENDS IN CLIMATE CHANGE AND AGRICULTURE RELATED CLIMATE VARIABLES
1.2 EFFECTS OF CLIMATE ON AGRICULTURE
1.2.1 EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON CROP YIELDS AND FOOD SECURITY
1.2.2 EFFECT OF CLIMATE VARIABLES ON CROP DEVELOPMENT
1.2.3 EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON SOIL QUALITY
1.3 EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURE ON CLIMATE CHANGE
1.3.1 SOIL ORGANIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION
1.3.2 CROP PRODUCTION AND RELEASES OF GREENHOUSE GASES
1.3.2.1 CO2 FLUXES IN AGROECOSYSTEMS
1.3.2.2 NON-CO2 FLUXES IN AGRO-ECOSYSTEMS
1.4 FACTORS INFLUENCING GHGS EMISSIONS
1.4.1 SOIL TEMPERATURE
1.4.2 SOIL WATER CONTENT AND WATER FILLED PORE SPACE
1.4.3 SOIL BULK DENSITY,SOIL TEXTURE AND STRUCTURE
1.5 CLIMATE ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS
1.5.1 CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE AS CLIMATE ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION STRATEGY
1.5.2 CONSERVATION TILLAGE
1.5.3 CONSERVATION TILLAGE AND SOIL QUALITY
1.5.4 CONSERVATION TILLAGE AND CROP PRODUCTIVITY
1.5.5 CONSERVATION TILLAGE AND GHG EMISSIONS
1.6 PROBLEM STATEMENT
1.7 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE
1.8 HYPOTHESIS
1.9 FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY
1.10 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY
CHAPTER 2:MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA
2.2 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
2.2.1 EXPERIMENT1 (2016)
2.2.2 EXPERIMENT2 (2017-EARLY2019)
2.3 SAMPLING AND DATA MEASUREMENTS
2.3.1 SOIL SAMPLING
2.3.2 SOIL WATER CONTENT,SOIL TEMPERATURE,BULK DENSITY,SOIL WATER STORAGE,AND POROSITY
2.3.3 SOIL ORGANIC CARBON(SOC)AND TOTAL NITROGEN(TN)
2.3.4 NITRATE NITROGEN AND AMMONIUM NITROGEN
2.3.5 SAMPLING AND MEASUREMENT OF BIOMASS AND GRAIN YIELD
2.3.6 GAS SAMPLING AND FLUX MEASUREMENTS
2.3.7 CALCULATION OF CARBON FLUX COMPONENTS
2.3.8 CALCULATION OF GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL(GWP)AND GREENHOUSE GAS INTENSITY(GHGI)
2.4 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
2.4.1 GENERAL STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
2.4.2 DESCRIPTION OF NONLINEAR GROWTH MODELS
2.4.3 STATISTICAL DESCRIPTORS AND ANALYSIS FOR MODEL EVALUATION
CHAPTER 3:EFFECT OF MULCHING AND SOWING TIME ON SOIL PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
3.1 SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT AND AVAILABLE NITROGEN
3.2 Plant growth indexes, yield and yield components
3.3 NONLINEAR MODELING OF SPRING WHEAT BIOMASS GROWTH
3.3.1 MODEL CONVERGENCE
3.3.2 ROBUSTNESS OF THE CANDIDATE MODELS AND MODEL SELECTION
3.3.3 MODEL SIMULATIONS
CHAPTER 4:EFFECT OF CONSERVATION TILLAGE ON SOIL PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
4.1 SOIL WATER CONTENT
4.2 SOIL BULK DENSITY AND POROSITY
4.3 WATER FILLED PORE SPACE AND SOIL WATER STORAGE
4.4 TEMPORAL VARIATIONS OF SOIL WATER CONTENT AND SOIL TEMPERATURE
4.5 SOIL ORGANIC CARBON(SOC)
4.6 TOTAL NITROGEN(TN)
CHAPTER 5:EFFECT OF CONSERVATION TILLAGE ON GRAIN AND BIOMASS YIELD
5.1 GRAIN YIELD
5.2 ROOT AND ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS
5.3 CORRELATION BETWEEN GRAIN YIELD AND SOIL PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
CHAPTER 6:EFFECT OF CONSERVATION TILLAGE AND SEASON ON VARIATIONS OF GREENHOUSE GAS FLUXES IN SPRING WHEAT AGROECOSYSTEMS ON THE SEMI-ARID WESTERN LOESS PLATEAU
6.1 GREENHOUSE GASES ACROSS TREATMENTS
6.1.1 ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION
6.1.2 CH4 FLUX
6.1.3 N2O FLUX
6.2 SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF GHG EMISSIONS
6.2.1 ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION
6.2.2 CH4 FLUX
6.2.3 N2O FLUX
6.3 AVERAGE CUMULATIVE GHG FLUXES
6.3.1 NET CARBON DIOXIDE–C FLUX COMPONENTS
6.3.2 CUMULATIVE CH4 FLUX
6.3.3 CUMULATIVE N2O FLUX
6.4 GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL(GWP)AND GREENHOUSE GAS INTENSITY(GHGI)
6.5 RESPONSE OF GHG FLUXES TO SOIL PROPERTIES,CROP AND BIOMASS YIELD
6.5.1 RESPONSE OF ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION TO SOIL WATER CONTENT AND SOIL TEMPERATURE
6.5.2 RESPONSE OF CH4 FLUX TO SOIL WATER CONTENT AND SOIL TEMPERATURE
6.5.3 RESPONSE OF N2O FLUX TO SOIL WATER CONTENT AND SOIL TEMPERATURE
6.5.4 CORRELATION BETWEEN GRAIN YIELD AND GHG FLUXES
6.5.5 Correlation between soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and GHG fluxes
6.6 TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY OF ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION
CHAPTER 7:DISCUSSIONS
7.1 EFFECT OF STRAW MULCHING AND SOWING TIME ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY AND GROWTH
7.2 EVALUATION AND SELECTION OF THE BEST NON-LINEAR REGRESSION MODEL FOR CROP GROWTH SIMULATION
7.3 EFFECT OF NO-TILL AND STRAW MULCH ON SOIL PROPERTIES
7.4 EFFECT OF CONSERVATION TILLAGE ON CROP PRODUCTIVITY
7.5 EFFECT OF TILLAGE AND SEASON ON ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION AND NET C-FLUX
7.6 EFFECT OF TILLAGE AND SEASON ON CH4-FLUX
7.7 EFFECT OF TILLAGE AND SEASON ON N2O-FLUX
7.8 EFFECT OF TILLAGE ON GWP AND GHGI
CHAPTER 8:GENERAL CONCLUSIONS,RECOMMENDATIONS AND FUTURE WORKS
8.1 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
8.2 FUTURE WORKS
REFERENCES
Appendix
Acknowledgements
PERSONAL RESUME
Publications
BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF SUPERVISOR
本文编号：3964867
【文章页数】：156 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
SUMMARY
摘要
CHAPTER 1:INTRODUCTION
1.1 TRENDS IN CLIMATE CHANGE AND AGRICULTURE RELATED CLIMATE VARIABLES
1.2 EFFECTS OF CLIMATE ON AGRICULTURE
1.2.1 EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON CROP YIELDS AND FOOD SECURITY
1.2.2 EFFECT OF CLIMATE VARIABLES ON CROP DEVELOPMENT
1.2.3 EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON SOIL QUALITY
1.3 EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURE ON CLIMATE CHANGE
1.3.1 SOIL ORGANIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION
1.3.2 CROP PRODUCTION AND RELEASES OF GREENHOUSE GASES
1.3.2.1 CO2 FLUXES IN AGROECOSYSTEMS
1.3.2.2 NON-CO2 FLUXES IN AGRO-ECOSYSTEMS
1.4 FACTORS INFLUENCING GHGS EMISSIONS
1.4.1 SOIL TEMPERATURE
1.4.2 SOIL WATER CONTENT AND WATER FILLED PORE SPACE
1.4.3 SOIL BULK DENSITY,SOIL TEXTURE AND STRUCTURE
1.5 CLIMATE ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS
1.5.1 CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE AS CLIMATE ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION STRATEGY
1.5.2 CONSERVATION TILLAGE
1.5.3 CONSERVATION TILLAGE AND SOIL QUALITY
1.5.4 CONSERVATION TILLAGE AND CROP PRODUCTIVITY
1.5.5 CONSERVATION TILLAGE AND GHG EMISSIONS
1.6 PROBLEM STATEMENT
1.7 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE
1.8 HYPOTHESIS
1.9 FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY
1.10 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY
CHAPTER 2:MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA
2.2 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
2.2.1 EXPERIMENT1 (2016)
2.2.2 EXPERIMENT2 (2017-EARLY2019)
2.3 SAMPLING AND DATA MEASUREMENTS
2.3.1 SOIL SAMPLING
2.3.2 SOIL WATER CONTENT,SOIL TEMPERATURE,BULK DENSITY,SOIL WATER STORAGE,AND POROSITY
2.3.3 SOIL ORGANIC CARBON(SOC)AND TOTAL NITROGEN(TN)
2.3.4 NITRATE NITROGEN AND AMMONIUM NITROGEN
2.3.5 SAMPLING AND MEASUREMENT OF BIOMASS AND GRAIN YIELD
2.3.6 GAS SAMPLING AND FLUX MEASUREMENTS
2.3.7 CALCULATION OF CARBON FLUX COMPONENTS
2.3.8 CALCULATION OF GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL(GWP)AND GREENHOUSE GAS INTENSITY(GHGI)
2.4 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
2.4.1 GENERAL STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
2.4.2 DESCRIPTION OF NONLINEAR GROWTH MODELS
2.4.3 STATISTICAL DESCRIPTORS AND ANALYSIS FOR MODEL EVALUATION
CHAPTER 3:EFFECT OF MULCHING AND SOWING TIME ON SOIL PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
3.1 SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT AND AVAILABLE NITROGEN
3.2 Plant growth indexes, yield and yield components
3.3 NONLINEAR MODELING OF SPRING WHEAT BIOMASS GROWTH
3.3.1 MODEL CONVERGENCE
3.3.2 ROBUSTNESS OF THE CANDIDATE MODELS AND MODEL SELECTION
3.3.3 MODEL SIMULATIONS
CHAPTER 4:EFFECT OF CONSERVATION TILLAGE ON SOIL PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
4.1 SOIL WATER CONTENT
4.2 SOIL BULK DENSITY AND POROSITY
4.3 WATER FILLED PORE SPACE AND SOIL WATER STORAGE
4.4 TEMPORAL VARIATIONS OF SOIL WATER CONTENT AND SOIL TEMPERATURE
4.5 SOIL ORGANIC CARBON(SOC)
4.6 TOTAL NITROGEN(TN)
CHAPTER 5:EFFECT OF CONSERVATION TILLAGE ON GRAIN AND BIOMASS YIELD
5.1 GRAIN YIELD
5.2 ROOT AND ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS
5.3 CORRELATION BETWEEN GRAIN YIELD AND SOIL PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
CHAPTER 6:EFFECT OF CONSERVATION TILLAGE AND SEASON ON VARIATIONS OF GREENHOUSE GAS FLUXES IN SPRING WHEAT AGROECOSYSTEMS ON THE SEMI-ARID WESTERN LOESS PLATEAU
6.1 GREENHOUSE GASES ACROSS TREATMENTS
6.1.1 ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION
6.1.2 CH4 FLUX
6.1.3 N2O FLUX
6.2 SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF GHG EMISSIONS
6.2.1 ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION
6.2.2 CH4 FLUX
6.2.3 N2O FLUX
6.3 AVERAGE CUMULATIVE GHG FLUXES
6.3.1 NET CARBON DIOXIDE–C FLUX COMPONENTS
6.3.2 CUMULATIVE CH4 FLUX
6.3.3 CUMULATIVE N2O FLUX
6.4 GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL(GWP)AND GREENHOUSE GAS INTENSITY(GHGI)
6.5 RESPONSE OF GHG FLUXES TO SOIL PROPERTIES,CROP AND BIOMASS YIELD
6.5.1 RESPONSE OF ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION TO SOIL WATER CONTENT AND SOIL TEMPERATURE
6.5.2 RESPONSE OF CH4 FLUX TO SOIL WATER CONTENT AND SOIL TEMPERATURE
6.5.3 RESPONSE OF N2O FLUX TO SOIL WATER CONTENT AND SOIL TEMPERATURE
6.5.4 CORRELATION BETWEEN GRAIN YIELD AND GHG FLUXES
6.5.5 Correlation between soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and GHG fluxes
6.6 TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY OF ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION
CHAPTER 7:DISCUSSIONS
7.1 EFFECT OF STRAW MULCHING AND SOWING TIME ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY AND GROWTH
7.2 EVALUATION AND SELECTION OF THE BEST NON-LINEAR REGRESSION MODEL FOR CROP GROWTH SIMULATION
7.3 EFFECT OF NO-TILL AND STRAW MULCH ON SOIL PROPERTIES
7.4 EFFECT OF CONSERVATION TILLAGE ON CROP PRODUCTIVITY
7.5 EFFECT OF TILLAGE AND SEASON ON ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION AND NET C-FLUX
7.6 EFFECT OF TILLAGE AND SEASON ON CH4-FLUX
7.7 EFFECT OF TILLAGE AND SEASON ON N2O-FLUX
7.8 EFFECT OF TILLAGE ON GWP AND GHGI
CHAPTER 8:GENERAL CONCLUSIONS,RECOMMENDATIONS AND FUTURE WORKS
8.1 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
8.2 FUTURE WORKS
REFERENCES
Appendix
Acknowledgements
PERSONAL RESUME
Publications
BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF SUPERVISOR
本文编号：3964867
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