高精度光学三维标示关键技术及应用研究

发布时间：2017-12-31 22:19

本文关键词：高精度光学三维标示关键技术及应用研究　出处：《天津大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：现代制造业对产品质量与生产效率的要求越来越高,随着数字化制造技术在工业领域中不断推进深化,大量困难的制造问题被攻克,但随之而来的是制造工艺的迅速复杂化,从而显现出很多难以克服的新问题,尤其是工人在现代制造系统中角色的改变,很多通行已久的人工操作制造方法已经不再适应现代制造系统的需要。本文从一个新的视角出发,针对复杂制造系统中的人工操作的特点及其面临的与数字化制造不够匹配的局面,提出利用三维投影标示技术来提高人工操作制造环节中的数字化、自动化水平,从而提升产品质量和生产效率。通过调研并总结已有的类似技术及其应用状况,旨在解决非结构化工作空间中大尺寸工件的加工装配定位问题,本文分析了投影标示系统的实现原理及其关键技术,对其进行了系统的分类和详细讨论并构建了通用化投影标示原型系统。论文完成的主要研究工作有:1、针对大尺寸工件的加工装配定位需求,提出一种更加通用化的外部引导式投影标示系统构型,使得三维定位设备统一对工件和投影标示设备进行位姿测量的外部引导式工作方式成为可能。同时,基于外部引导式投影标示设计方法将基于不同投影显示原理的投影单元的实现方式统一为投射单元校准和外参标定两个步骤。2、针对基于数字面阵投影标示的实现方式,详细研究了数字面阵投影设备的校准流程。反向应用小孔成像与镜头畸变模型对数字面阵投影机进行了投影成像内参数的精确标定。通过分析相机成像畸变模型及其全幅畸变校正原理,提出了适合数字投影机的像面预畸变法校正投影镜头畸变的全套实现流程,并采用基于空间相位解算的方法对投影机内参数标定的结果进行了全幅面标定精度验证。为了避免相机采集引入的误差和噪声,还使用了基于直接光束捕获原理的投影机镜头畸变标定方法对投影镜头畸变进行了精密测定与非参数补偿。以提升标示精度为目标,设计了并优化了数字投影机外参数标定方法,并完成了标示精度实验验证。3、对基于激光振镜扫描的投影标示的实现方式,以及传统二维振镜在精密投影标示系统的特定应用场景,本文提出了基于平面模板的方法对激光振镜扫描投影系统进行了内参数和外参数的联合标定和对应的精度验证方法,并分别应用模型法和非参多项式插值法对激光振镜投影单元进行了基于二维角度量输入的投射畸变矫正和精度验证。设计了并优化了激光振镜投影系统的外参数标定方法,并完成了标示精度实验验证。4、针对精密投影标示系统在工业生产现场面临的应用细节问题做了分析。讨论了投影标示系统的在数字化设计生产中的应用要求。提出了投影标示质量预评价方法,并针对如何利用标示质量预评价方法解决对投影标示系统的工作位姿优化问题进行了部分验证。5、构建了两个精密光学投影标示技术的应用系统:复合材料放样与铺层定位标示系统和飞机机身蒙皮铆钉阶差综合测量与修正标示系统。对两个系统的构建流程做了详细的说明,并采用实际工件,模拟生产现场环境,展示了最终的投影标示精度和效果。
[Abstract]:The modern manufacturing industry increasingly high demands on product quality and production efficiency, with the digital manufacturing technology in the field of industry continue to deepen, making a lot of difficult problems to be overcome, but there is a rapid manufacturing process complicated, thus revealing many new problems difficult to overcome, especially the role of workers in modern manufacturing system changes in the manufacturing method of manual operation has long been many traffic no longer meet the needs of modern manufacturing system. In this paper, from a new perspective, in accordance with the characteristics of manual operation in complex manufacturing system and facing with digital manufacturing does not match the situation, put forward the digital, using 3D projection technology to improve the artificial mark the operation in the manufacturing process automation level, to improve product quality and production efficiency. Through the investigation and summarization of the existing similar technology and its application In order to solve the problem of processing and assembling of large size workpiece positioning unstructured work space, this paper analyzes the realization principle and the key technology of projection marking system, has carried on the classification and detailed discussion of system and construct a general projection marking prototype system. The main research works are: 1, for processing and assembling the positioning requirement of large size workpiece, proposed a more general external oriented projection marking system configuration, the three-dimensional positioning device of workpiece and projection equipment marked uniform for pose measurement of external guide type working as possible. At the same time, based on the external guide projection mark design method will realize the principle of the projection unit unified projection unit calibration and external calibration parameters of two steps.2 projection display based on the digital array realization method based on projection marked A detailed study of the calibration process, digital array projection equipment. The precise calibration of the distortion model and the reverse application of pinhole imaging lens array digital projector for projection imaging parameters. Through the analysis of camera distortion model and full amplitude distortion correction principle, put forward the suitable digital projector image plane projection lens correction pre distortion method the distortion of the full set of processes, and the calculation method based on spatial phase calibration of the projector parameters were full format calibration accuracy verification. In order to avoid the error and noise of camera is introduced, also used the projector lens distortion capture principle direct beam calibration method based on the projection lens distortion for the precise determination of compensation with the non parameter. In order to improve the labeling accuracy, calibration method was designed and optimized the parameters of digital projector, and completed the fine marking Experimental verification of.3, on the way to realize the projection Laser Galvanometer Scanning Based on the mark, as well as the traditional two-dimensional mirror in the specific application scene precision projection marking system, is presented in this paper to verify the accuracy of method and the corresponding calibration method based on planar pattern combined with the inner and outer parameters of the laser scanning projection system. And, non parametric polynomial interpolation method were used to model the Laser Galvanometer projection unit of projection distortion input two-dimensional angle correction and precision verification based on design and optimization. The parameters of the Laser Galvanometer projection system calibration method, and completed the experimental verification for.4 marking accuracy, precision projection mark application details the problem facing the system in industrial production field is analyzed. The sign system used in projection requirements in the production of digital design is discussed. The projection quality mark The amount of pre evaluation method, and on how to use the label quality pre evaluation method to solve the projection marking system working position optimization problem was partly validated.5, constructs the application system of two precision optical projection labeling technology: composite layer location layout and marking system and the aircraft fuselage skin rivet differential measurement and comprehensive on the construction of modified marking system. The process to do a detailed explanation of the two systems, and the actual workpiece, simulate the production environment of the scene, showing the final projection marking accuracy and effectiveness.

【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TH741.5;TP391.41

【相似文献】