上海新闻记者职业团体研究（1921-1937）

发布时间：2018-01-04 12:05

  本文关键词：上海新闻记者职业团体研究（1921-1937）　出处：《华中科技大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 新闻记者职业团体 法团主义 党团 新闻职业化 国家与社会

【摘要】：新闻记者职业团体是新闻业的重要组成部分,是考察新闻职业化与社会历史变迁的一个切入点,因而在中国新闻史研究中是不容忽视的,但学界尚未给予足够的重视。本文以1921—1937年上海的新闻记者职业团体为研究对象,力图弥补相关研究之不足。近代上海新闻记者职业团体之兴起,既缘于一般意义上记者为谋求提高生活待遇和尊严、保障职业独立性的主观动机，，也与上海作为一个社团型都市所独有的社会文化环境密切相关。1921年11月,上海新闻记者联欢会创建,标志着中国新闻记者职业团体的发轫。1927年4月,国民党主导建立了上海新闻记者联合会,将记者联欢会取而代之,后于1932年6月改组为上海市新闻记者公会,直至1937年中日全面战争爆发后停顿。这是1921—1937年上海新闻记者职业团体演变的历史脉络。在微观层面上,各团体的组织结构经历了评议员制向委员制的转变,机构设置日渐复杂和健全,领导层的规模不断扩大。权力结构和团体性质也发生了变异,从独立的民间团体变为受国民党控制的半官方组织。在组织管理和运作机制上，各团体既有延续共通之处,也不乏兴革完善。国家的管制从无到有,进而对各团体的职能发挥产生了重大影响。北洋政府没有将新闻记者职业团体纳入国家治理的轨道,上海新闻记者联欢会得以独立于国家之外,享有高度的自治权。南京国民政府借助国家法团主义和秘密的党团组织,将上海新闻记者联合会与记者公会置于严密的监控之下,使之成为统制新闻记者的工具。对于言论自由,各团体均选择了不作为,上海新闻记者联合会与记者公会甚至积极配合国家的新闻检查,打压会员的自由诉求,不复具有独立自由的精神。在政治议题上，上海新闻记者联欢会终保持了一个旁观者的姿态,上海新闻记者联合会与记者公会的政治参与则是权力控制下的体制内合作,二者视国家的需要展开政治动员,或参加政治选举。各团体以不同的方式参与了民族主义运动。它们在社会交往方面,有着多重面相。上海新闻记者联欢会侧重与国外同业交流,上海新闻记者联合会与记者公会则主要以国内法团为交往对象。它们与其他组织或个人之间,既有协作,也难免发生冲突。同时,上海的帮会势力也侵入了各团体,影响逐渐扩大。尽管各团体的职业保障意识不断增强,也做出了一定的努力,但它们普遍缺乏执行力,许多议案被束之高阁,很难称为令人满意的会员权益代言人。对于国内同业的救助,也多具有象征性,罕有实效。由于它们都不是垄断性团体,入会人数有限,加之选举舞弊,会员流失及离心,在在削弱了各团体的凝聚力,以致无法实现对沪上新闻记者的整合。基于所掌握的材料,我们认为：上海的新闻记者职业团体对于新闻职业化的作用是微弱的、不明显的。破解之道在于改变全能型的国家治理模式,从国家法团主义转向社会法团主义,赋予职业团体充分的独立性和自治权,才能激活它们促进新闻职业化的潜力。同时,上海各新闻记者职业团体与国家的关系并不是对抗式的,它们或者选择与国家权力保持距离,或者附庸于国家权力之下,成为驯从的合作者。
[Abstract]:Journalist occupation group is an important part of journalism, is a starting point of the news occupation and the change of social history, so in the study of China journalism history can not be ignored, but the academic circles have not paid enough attention. Based on the 1921 - 1937 Shanghai news reporter occupation group as the research object, trying to to make up for lack of relevant research. The rise of modern Shanghai journalists occupation groups, both due to the general sense of the reporter to seek to improve themselves and dignity, safeguard the independence of the subjective motives of occupation, with Shanghai as a unique type of urban community social cultural environment is closely related to.1921 in November, the Shanghai news reporter get-together create, marks China journalists occupation group Faren.1927 in April, the KMT led the establishment of the Shanghai Federation of journalists, reporters will get-together instead, after 193 2 years in June for the restructuring of Shanghai Journalists Association, until 1937 in the days after the outbreak of the war. This is a 1921 - 1937 Shanghai news reporter group evolution history of occupation. At the micro level, the organizational structure of each group experienced members of the Council to change the committee system, mechanism is more complicated and perfect that leadership is expanding. The power structure and nature of organization with the variation of the independent civil society as a semi official organization by the Kuomintang control. In the management of the organization and operation mechanism, the group has continued in common, also there is no lack of innovation improvement. Control of the country from scratch, thus each group the function has a significant effect. The government will not press occupation groups into the national governance track, the Shanghai news reporter gala will be independent of the state, enjoy a high degree of self The right to rule. The Nanjing national government with the help of state corporatism and secret party organization, the Shanghai Federation of journalists and Reporters Association in close supervision, making control of press tools for freedom of speech, the groups were chosen as the new Shanghai Journalists Association and actively cooperate with the national the news reporter check with the guild, freedom members no longer have to suppress, independent and free spirit. On political issues, the Shanghai news reporter always maintain a get-together bystanderattitude, Shanghai Federation of journalists and Reporters Association of political participation is the cooperation under the control of power system, two depending on the needs of the country political mobilization, or participate in political elections. Each group in different ways to participate in the nationalist movement. They are socially, with multiple faces of Shanghai news reporter linked. Huan will focus on the exchanges with foreign trade, Shanghai Federation of journalists and Reporters Association is mainly to domestic corporations as contacts. Between them and other organizations or individuals, both cooperation and conflict inevitably. At the same time, the Shanghai Gang forces invaded by various organizations, the influence is expanding gradually. Although each group occupation protection consciousness strengthens unceasingly, has made some efforts, but they generally lack of execution, many motion was shelved, it could hardly be regarded as satisfactory membership interests spokesperson. For domestic industry assistance, more symbolic, because they are not rare. The effectiveness of monopoly groups, the number of membership is limited, and election fraud, and loss of membership in centrifugal, weakening the group cohesion, to achieve the integration of Shanghai journalists. Based on the mastery of the material, we think: Shanghai news reporter Occupation groups is weak for the news of the occupation effect is not obvious. The solution is to change all the national governance mode, from state corporatism to social corporatism, give full occupation group's independence and autonomy, to activate them to promote the new occupation of smell potential. At the same time, Shanghai the journalist occupation groups and the state relationship is not adversarial, or they choose to keep distance with the state power, or dependent on the state power, from the trainer. Cooperation

【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G219.29


本文编号：1378409