美联社涉华新闻生产（2006-2015）研究

发布时间：2018-01-13 05:34

本文关键词：美联社涉华新闻生产（2006-2015）研究　出处：《武汉大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：美联社是全球媒体中日均发稿量最大的新闻机构,被誉为“世界第一通讯社”。2006-2015年间,美联社共发布362122条涉华文字、图片和视频新闻报道。美联社有遍布全球112个国家、超过15000家的传统媒体和新媒体订户,其中绝大多数机构的涉华新闻生产活动都依赖于美联社的稿件。美联社的涉华报道可以直接影响涉华国际舆论的最终形态。因此,对美联社涉华新闻生产的研究意义重大。本研究选取新闻生产社会学路径,采用观察—思考—访谈—归纳的流程,是以作者对美联社北京分社长达十年的参与式观察为基础的研究,通过大量一手资料和深度访谈进行推进。1900年的义和团报道是美联社所发布的第一条涉华新闻；20世纪30、40年代,已有大量订户依靠美联社获取中国共产党的新闻；1949起的三十年间,美联社的只能在香港和东京进行涉华新闻生产活动：1979年,美联社重新恢复北京分社；2008年,美联社涉华新闻生产无论是投入还是产出都达到最高峰。本研究选取的2006-2015这一研究区间,既是作者直接参与和观察美联社涉华新闻生产的十年,又是美联社中国的融合媒体战略从理论阶段走向成熟应用时期的十年,同时,也是中国从发展中大国迈向强国的十年。作者通过研究发现,美联社涉华新闻通过文字、图片和视频新闻的形式呈现；它在移动互联网时代发挥着更为重要的“把关人”的功能；美联社涉华报道以硬新闻见长；主要由20余名的驻华全职新闻生产人员完成,其中绝大多数稿件发自北京分社；其目标受众主要是关注中国政治、经济、文化的西方媒体订户。美联社涉华文字新闻生产,秉承最为严格的新闻价值观,力求平衡与全面,敏感的报道要求有多个信源交叉求证才能发稿；涉华图片新闻生产中,美联社采用平视中国的第三人称视角,关注个体的命运；涉华视频新闻生产在侧重于政治新闻的同时,近年还增加了文娱、体育和社会新闻的报道比例,新闻直播服务也越来越受到重视。美联社北京分社于2007年迁入全媒体新闻编辑室；2013年起,全媒体新闻总监负责制战略的实施,标志着美联社涉华融合媒体新闻生产的制度化和专业化的确立。本研究分析发现,在多元化场域中,美联社涉华新闻生产主要受以下四个因素的影响：第一,非华裔和华裔雇员尽管背景不同,但他们遵循新闻专业主义原则,完成了差异不大的新闻产品,发挥着话语建构的作用；第二,美联社在其170年历史中,始终坚持非盈利性组织的性质,涉华新闻生产也是在追求平衡、客观、独立的新闻价值观前提下开展；第三,中国官方媒体的报道是美联社涉华新闻的重要消息源,其中,新华社和中央电视台是否进行相关报道,及其报道的方式和立场,都会影响美联社的产品,同时,微博和微信已成为美联社寻找新闻当事人、目击者以及新闻线索的新途径；第四,中国政府不断变化调整的外国驻华记者管理制度,以及其他种种无形压力给美联社涉华新闻生产带来一定的影响,对无法自由开展采访活动的西藏和新疆地区影响最甚。美联社的涉华新闻生产活动与中国媒体的国际传播活动有着相对一致的报道对象和目标受众。因此,美联社涉华新闻生产的经验,可为中国媒体发展国际传播提供借鉴和启示：第一,美联社涉华新闻生产强调平衡报道的原则,坚持全面报道,注重发挥媒体的舆论监督作用,树立了美联社在不同政治制度、不同文化背景的媒体订户和受众心目中的品牌公信力；第二,美联社涉华新闻生产讲究传播的艺术,硬新闻追求平实与准确,软新闻追求贴近性与文艺性,感染力得到进一步加强；第三,美联社积极推进媒介融合,将图片报道和视频报道,尤其是针对移动互联网用户的视频新闻和直播服务作为发展重点,打造其核心竞争力；第四,美联社涉华新闻生产注重发展社交媒体,一方面借助社交媒体获取新闻线索与用户生成内容(UGC)等,一方面将其作为市场推广的工具和手段,拉近与受众的距离。这些战略若能被有选择性的借鉴,有利于增强中国媒体的国际传播能力,从而提高国际话语权。
[Abstract]:The Associated Press is a global media news agency in the daily maximum amount of press, known as the "world's first news agency.2006-2015, the The Associated Press issued a total of 362122 China related text, pictures and video news reports. There are 112 countries around the world The Associated Press, more than 15000 of the traditional media and new media subscribers, including China related news production activities are most organizations are dependent on the The Associated Press's manuscript. The Associated Press reports can directly influence the final shape of China international public opinion. Therefore, the significance of the research on China related news production of major The Associated Press. This research selects the Sociology of news production path, by observing thoughts - Interview - induction process is based on participatory author the The Associated Press Beijing branch ten years of observation, to promote the.1900 years of the report by a large number of first-hand information and interviews is beautiful The first kind of news released news; twentieth Century 30,40's, there has been a large number of subscribers rely on The Associated Press to obtain China Communist Party News; 1949 of the thirty years, the The Associated Press only China news production activities in Hongkong and Tokyo: in 1979, The Associated Press resumed in 2008, the The Associated Press Beijing branch; China related news production either input or output are achieved the peak of 2006-2015. The interval of this study selected, is not only the direct participation and observation of The Associated Press China related news production for ten years, and is a The Associated Press Chinese fusion media strategy from the theoretical stage to mature application period of ten years, at the same time, but also Chinese from developing country to a powerful country for ten years. The author found that The Associated Press, China related news through text, pictures and video news form; it plays more in the mobile Internet Era As an important "gatekeeper" function; The Associated Press of China related reports in hard news known; mainly by more than 20 in the full-time news production staff, most of them from the Beijing branch of the manuscript; its target audience is mainly concerned about the political economy, culture Chinese, Western media subscribers. The Associated Press China news production, adhering to the for strict news values, balanced and comprehensive, sensitive reports require multiple sources to verify the cross press; China news picture production, the head of The Associated Press Chinese third person perspective, pay attention to the individual fate; China related video news production focused on political news at the same time, in recent years also increased entertainment, sports and the social news reports the proportion of live news service has attracted more and more attention. The The Associated Press Beijing branch in 2007 in all media Newsroom; 2013 Since the implementation of the whole media director responsible for business strategy, marking the establishment of The Associated Press of China media news production system and specialization. This study found that in diversified field, China The Associated Press news production is mainly affected by the following four factors: first, different Chinese and non Chinese employees as background but, they follow the principle of journalistic professionalism, the difference of news products, play the role of discourse construction; second, the The Associated Press in its 170 years of history, always adhere to the nature of non-profit organizations, China related news production is in the pursuit of balanced, objective, independent news values under the premise of development; third, important the news source, Chinese official media is a The Associated Press in China related news, Xinhua and CCTV are reported, and position and reports, will. Sound The Associated Press products, at the same time, micro-blog and WeChat has become a The Associated Press looking for news, a new way of witnesses and news clues; fourth, the government Chinese changing foreign correspondent management system, as well as other kinds of invisible pressure to the The Associated Press of China related news production impact, Tibet and Xinjiang regions cannot impact on the freedom to carry out the interview the activities of most communication activities. China related news production activities of The Associated Press and international media Chinese have relatively consistent reports and target audience. Therefore, the The Associated Press China related news production experience, can provide a reference for the development of international communication China media: first, The Associated Press of China related news production emphasizes the principle of balanced reporting, insist on comprehensive report, pay attention to the media to play a supervisory role, establish a The Associated Press in different political systems, different cultures The background of the media and the audience in the eyes of the subscriber brand credibility; second The Associated Press, China related news production about the art of communication, hard news and soft news plain pursuit of accurate, the pursuit of intimacy and artistic appeal, has been further strengthened; third, the The Associated Press will actively promote the integration of media, pictures and video reports, especially for mobile Internet users video news and broadcast services as the focus of development, build its core competitiveness; fourth, The Associated Press China news production to focus on the development of social media, on the one hand, the use of social media to obtain news and user generated content (UGC), on the one hand it as a marketing tool and means, the audience closer. If these strategies could be selective for reference, is conducive to enhancing the ability to spread Chinese international media, so as to enhance the international discourse.

【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G212

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