新型电磁超材料的微波工程应用关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-01-16 03:25

本文关键词：新型电磁超材料的微波工程应用关键技术研究　出处：《电子科技大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：电磁超材料(Electromagnetic Metamaterial)是一种人工合成的具有奇异电磁特性的结构型材料,其中等效介电常数和磁导率同时为负时又称之为负折射率媒质、左手材料等。这类电磁超材料具有的奇异电磁特性包括负折射现象、逆多普勒频移、逆切伦科夫辐射、负光压现象等。由于构成电磁超材料的机理和物理尺寸的形式多样,以及所具有颠覆经典物理认识的独特性质,电磁超材料在声学、电磁学、光学等物理领域具有重要的研究价值。同时,基于电磁超材料独特的控制电磁波传播、反射、散射的巨大能力,其在射频/微波/毫米波无线通信,以及光学通信等工程领域具有极其重要的应用前景。其中,基于电磁超材料的微波工程应用研究吸引了国内外众多学者的研究兴趣。因此,这一研究分支也得到了快速的发展,并获得了许多重要的研究成果。但是,随着各种结构电磁超材料的相继提出,其在微波工程领域的应用途径以及性能指标等也在快速的被更新和赶超。本学位论文在新型电磁超材料设计研制的基础上,为了实现新型电磁超材料的应用拓展,以及在现有应用基础上的性能改进,深入的研究了具有不同介质厚度情况下电磁超介质吸波材料的吸波性能、基于新型电磁超材料单元的多频天线、基于铁氧体媒质的新型超高频射频识别阅读器天线等内容,具体如下：1.深入研究了基于电磁超材料的电磁吸波材料(称之为电磁超介质吸波材料)在不同介质厚度情况下的吸波性能及变化特性。首先,通过对比电磁超介质吸波材料的几种理论分析方法的优缺点,选择采用电磁波相干原理,并结合电磁仿真方法,研究了可工作在微波和THz波段的电磁超介质吸波材料的吸波性能,以及在不同介质厚度情况下吸波性能的变化特性。然后,重点研究了电磁超介质吸波材料在介质厚度为入射电磁波的1/2波长和一个波长时的吸波率可重复特性。同时,研究了电磁超介质吸波材料具有的高阶吸波特性,以及高阶吸波特性同样具有的周期重复特性。最后,深入研究了电磁超介质吸波材料中金属谐振环、介质材料、金属背板在吸收入射电磁波能量中所起的作用。研究得出金属电谐振环以及靠近金属谐振环部分的介质材料对吸收入射电磁波的能量起决定性作用,电磁超介质吸波材料中金属背板主要是起反射入射电磁波的功能。2.系统研究了基于多频电磁超材料单元的新型小型化平面单极子天线。首先,研究了矩形和圆形金属谐振环结构的谐振频率特性和负磁导率特性。接着设计出了基于具有不同形状的多频电磁超材料单元的多频单极子天线；同时,采用共面波导和微带线两种不同馈电方式,对比分析地研究了这类天线的阻抗匹配特性和远场辐射性能。最后,通过加工出工程样品,并采刖商用天线测量系统,实验研究了这类单极子天线的远场辐射特性,并与仿真结果进行了对比研究,分析其中存在的误差问题和可能的解决途径。结果显示这类电磁超材料加载的单极子天线具有结构紧凑、能多频工作、能独立控制其工作频率等独特优点,可广‘泛应朋于射频/微波无线通信终端设备中。3.基于在外加偏置磁场作用下具有磁各向异性以及具有等效的单负磁导率特性的铁氧体材料,提出了一种可覆盖所有国家/地区标准的超高频射频识别阅读器圆极化微带天线设计思路。通过理论分析基于铁氧体的微带天线产生圆极化的机理,以及其工作频率随外加磁场强度变化时产生频移特性的原理,深入研究了这种天线用于超高频射频识别阅读器的可行性和优越性。最后通过数值分析的方法验证了设计的正确性。结果显示这种铁氧体加载的新型微带天线能在非常宽的频率范围内容易地实现圆极化辐射特性。通过对上述三个主要研究点的深入研究,本学位论文获得了微波和THz波段具有不同介质厚度的电磁超介质吸波材料的吸波特性,并通过电磁波相干原理解释了其出现重复吸波特性的本质原因,进一步探讨获得了电磁超介质吸波材料中各部件对入射电磁波能量消耗所起的作用；采用多频电磁超材料谐振单元加载的方式,获得了多种紧凑型的平面单极子天线；最后利用铁氧体加载的方式获得了可覆盖所有国家/地区标准的超高频射频识别阅读器圆极化微带天线设计思路。这些新设计出的电磁超介质吸波材料和天线,促进了电磁超材料技术在通信和电子工程领域的快速应用推广,具有重要科学意义。
[Abstract]:Electromagnetic metamaterials (Electromagnetic Metamaterial) is a synthetic type structure with special electromagnetic properties of materials, the equivalent permittivity and permeability are simultaneously negative is called a negative refractive index, the left hand material. This kind of singular electromagnetic characteristics of metamaterials which include negative refraction, inverse Doppler frequency shift, inverse Cherenkov radiation, negative pressure phenomenon. The mechanism and physical dimensions of electromagnetic metamaterials in various forms, and has unique properties to subvert the classic knowledge of physics, electromagnetic metamaterials in acoustics, electromagnetics, optics has important research value and other physical fields. At the same time, reflecting the electromagnetic wave, electromagnetic based on the unique materials, great ability of scattering in RF / microwave / millimeter wave wireless communication, and has very important application prospect and optical communication fields. Among them Study on engineering application of microwave, electromagnetic metamaterials have attracted many scholars at home and abroad based on. Therefore, this research branch has got rapid development and obtained many important results. However, with various structures of electromagnetic metamaterials have been proposed. The application in the field of microwave engineering and performance index in the rapid update and catching up. This thesis based on new metamaterials designed, in order to expand the application of new type electromagnetic metamaterials, and performance based on the existing application on improvement, in-depth research with the absorbing properties of different media under the condition that the thickness of metamaterial absorber the multi frequency antenna electromagnetic metamaterial unit based on ferrite medium model of UHF RFID reader antenna etc., based on the in-depth study of the specific as follows: 1. Electromagnetic wave absorbing materials based on metamaterials (called metamaterials absorbing material) wave absorption properties and characteristics in different medium thickness conditions. Firstly, by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of metamaterials absorbing wave material theory analysis methods, choice of using the electromagnetic wave coherent principle, combining with electromagnetic simulation the method of electromagnetic wave absorbing performance, can work in the microwave and THz band metamaterial absorber, and absorbing properties in different media under the condition that the thickness variation characteristics. Then, focuses on the research of metamaterials absorbing materials in medium thickness is 1/2 the wavelength of the incident electromagnetic wave with a wavelength. The absorbing rate of repeatable characteristics. At the same time, the study of metamaterials absorbing materials with high order wave absorbing characteristics, and the cycle of high order suction also has wave characteristics of repetitive characteristics. Finally, in-depth study of the metamaterial absorption The metal ring resonant wave material, dielectric material, metal back in the role of the energy absorption of incident electromagnetic waves in the dielectric material. The results of metal electrical resonant ring and close to the metal ring resonator part plays a decisive role in the absorption of incident electromagnetic wave energy, metamaterials absorbing wave material of metal backboard is mainly studied miniaturized planar monopole antenna multi frequency electromagnetic metamaterial unit based on the reflection of the incident electromagnetic wave function of.2. system. Firstly, study the characteristics of resonant frequency of rectangular and circular metal ring resonator structure and negative permeability. Then design a multi frequency monopole antenna multi frequency electromagnetic metamaterial unit with different shapes at the same time, based on; with coplanar waveguide and microstrip line two different feeding mode, comparative analysis on the impedance matching of the antenna and the characteristics of the far field radiation performance. Finally, Through the processing of engineering samples, and measuring system 2 commercial antenna far-field radiation characteristics were studied this kind of monopole antenna, and compare with the simulation results, the error analysis of existing problems and possible solutions. The results showed that this kind of monopole antenna electromagnetic metamaterial loaded with compact structure can work, multi frequency, can independently control the working frequency of the unique advantages, can be widely friends in RF / microwave wireless communication terminal equipment based on.3. ferrite single negative permeability properties with magnetic anisotropy and has the effect of bias magnetic field under the action of external, a cover all countries / regions standard UHF RFID reader circular polarization microstrip antenna design. Through theoretical analysis of the generation mechanism of circular polarization microstrip antenna based on ferrite, and its working frequency The principle of frequency shift characteristics with magnetic field changes, in-depth study of the feasibility and superiority of this antenna for UHF RFID reader. Finally through the numerical analysis method to verify the correctness of the design. The results showed that this kind of new ferrite loaded microstrip antenna can realize the radiation characteristics of circular polarization in the frequency range very wide easily. Through in-depth research on the three main point, electromagnetic wave absorbing properties in this thesis were obtained with microwave and THz bands with different thickness of the dielectric medium super absorbing material, and through the electromagnetic wave coherent principle to explain the substaintial cause repeated absorbing characteristics, further to investigate the electromagnetic metamaterials absorbing effect of the components of the incident electromagnetic wave absorbing materials are energy consumption; using multi frequency electromagnetic metamaterial resonant unit loading mode gain Planar monopole antenna multiple compact; finally obtained can cover all countries / regions standard UHF RFID reader antenna design using circular polarization microstrip ferrite loading mode. These new designed metamaterials absorbing material and antenna, promote the rapid application of metamaterial technology in the field of communication and electronic engineering, has important scientific significance.

【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TN820

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