含纯发节点的无线传感网关键技术研究及应用

发布时间：2018-01-20 14:40

本文关键词： 纯发节点防碰撞压缩感知多信道负载均衡　出处：《中国矿业大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Networks,WSNs)中的传感器节点一般具有收发双向通信功能,但是在一些应用中,采用纯发节点能显著节省部署成本和降低节点能耗。与收发节点相比,纯发节点无法接收和检测无线电信号,这使得大量的针对收发节点设计的通信协议不能简单套用,而且由于纯发节点无法协调发射时机,信号碰撞很难避免。本文将此类传感器网络称为含纯发节点的无线传感器网络,按拓扑结构分为单跳网络和混合网络。本文将含纯发节点的无线传感器网络的研究现状进行了归纳分析,同时介绍了纯发送工作方式在超宽带通信中的相关研究。重点研究了含纯发节点的无线传感器网络媒体接入控制层(MAC)协议和网络层协议,主要就防碰撞、压缩感知应用模型、多信道工作方式和簇首负载均衡等关键技术问题展开研究。论文的主要工作和贡献如下:(1)提出了一种基于节点唯一识别码生成发射间隔的算法(IBBIGA)。在一些由纯发节点组成的即时定位和物品追踪系统中,节点工作时会在单位时间内广播数次自身的唯一识别码,当节点密度较大时,发送的信号会产生碰撞,导致信息丢失。IBBIGA利用节点识别码的唯一性,为每一个节点计算出一组特定的发射间隔,以有效避免连续碰撞的出现。算法能保证各节点单位时间内平均发射次数相等,从而保证各节点在长时间工作时能耗均衡。仿真分析表明,与纯ALOHA协议和INCITS371.1协议相比,IBBIGA的漏读率更低。(2)讨论了压缩感知(CS)在纯发节点采集和汇聚数据时的应用方式,针对含纯发节点单跳网络的数据采集和汇聚过程,将数据采集汇聚分成单个节点的采集压缩和多个节点的汇聚传输,由采集压缩的测量矩阵和汇聚传输的测量矩阵复合成一个测量矩阵,即复合测量矩阵。通过数学建模,验证了复合测量矩阵能保证感知矩阵的约束等距性(RIP)。仿真实验中,在接收端采用复合测量矩阵和稀疏基对数据进行重构,分析了多种测量矩阵复合后的重构效果。结果表明复合测量矩阵的重构效果与信号的时间相关性有关。相关性较弱的信号采用高斯测量矩阵和伯努利测量矩阵的恢复稳定性较好,时间相关性较强的信号采用随机测量矩阵恢复误差相对较小。(3)设计了一种在多跳传感器网络中部署纯发节点的多信道MAC协议(MCTO-MAC)。在含纯发节点的混合网中,为了增加交付率,纯发节点传输数据时会进行多次重发,这会造成信号之间的碰撞,影响混合网中收发节点的通信。MCTO-MAC协议是基于低功耗侦听(Low Power Listening,LPL)方式,利用多信道机制,将收发节点和纯发节点分别安置到两个不同的信道进行工作。纯发节点根据伪随机数计算的时间间隔进行发送,在发送的每一帧中均包含计算发送间隔的随机数种子。收发节点负责接收附近纯发节点发送的数据,并转发到汇聚节点。收发节点定时检测纯发节点工作的信道,通过分析接收到的随机数种子预判出每个纯发节点接入信道的时间,从而安排后续的接收时刻。在基于Contiki系统的仿真平台上进行实验,测试结果表明,MCTO-MAC协议能在不增加网络能耗的情况下,有效的降低数据的相互干扰,增加网络的交付率和生存时间。(4)提出了一种启发式簇首负载均衡算法(LBC-TO)。含纯发节点的混合网络中收发节点负责接收附近的纯发节点发送的数据,通过多跳转发将数据传输到汇聚节点,这种网络结构为二层传感网络。收发节点负责完成簇首的汇聚和转发功能,网络的能量消耗主要集中在收发节点上。为了解决含纯发节点网络中簇首节点能量消耗均衡问题,本文根据含纯发节点无线传感器网络的特点,提出了输入输出数据压缩比的概念,通过建立数学模型,推导出相邻簇首节点之间负载均衡的条件。算法LBC-TO要求簇首节点之间交换覆盖节点列表,利用负载均衡的条件,有序的建立接收节点列表。与其他分簇算法比较,LBC-TO能有效延长混合网络的生存时间。(5)以单体液压支柱支护为中心,针对井下工作面工作环境,介绍基于无线传感器网络的液压支柱压力检测系统的设计及实现。着重介绍了系统的网络结构,传感节点的设计实现和人机交互界面。通过该系统测试了IBBIGA协议防连续碰撞的性能,测试结果验证了协议能有效的防止连续碰撞。利用等比例搭建的工作面现场工作网络,测试了MCTO-MAC和LBC-TO的实际工作情况,实验结果验证了MCTO-MAC的节能效果和LBC-TO的簇首负载均衡效果均达到了协议设计的目标。
[Abstract]:Wireless sensor network (Wireless Sensor Networks, WSNs) of the sensor nodes generally have two-way communication transceiver functions, but in some applications, the pure hair node can significantly save the deployment cost and reduce energy consumption. Compared with the transceiver node, a node cannot send pure receiving and detecting radio signals, which makes a lot of communication protocol for sending and receiving node design can not simply copy, but because the pure hair node cannot launch time signal coordination, it is difficult to avoid collision. In this paper, the wireless sensor network of such sensor networks called pure send node, according to the topology structure is divided into single hop network and hybrid network. The research status of wireless sensor network node containing the pure hair the analysis, and introduces the related research work in pure transmission in UWB communications. Focus on the wireless transmission node with pure hair The sensor network media access control layer (MAC) protocol and network layer protocol, mainly on anti collision, compressed sensing model, multi channel working mode and the key technical problems of cluster head load balancing is studied. The main contributions of this thesis are as follows: (1) proposed a generation transmission interval based on node unique identification code algorithm (IBBIGA). In some composed of pure hair node positioning and instant goods tracking system, node will work in unit time broadcast several times its own unique identification code, when the node density is high, the sending signal will have a collision, resulting in the loss of information using.IBBIGA only nodes identification code and calculate a specific set of transmission interval for each node, in order to avoid the emergence of continuous collision. The algorithm can guarantee each node per unit time average transmission times are equal, so as to ensure that all nodes in a long time When the balance of energy consumption. Simulation results show that compared with the pure ALOHA protocol and INCITS371.1 protocol, IBBIGA missedreading rate lower. (2) discussed the application of compressed sensing (CS) in pure hair node collection and aggregation data, according to the data collection and aggregation process with pure hair nodes in single hop networks, convergence the data acquisition transmission convergence acquisition and compression of the single node and divided into a plurality of nodes, a measurement matrix composite into a measurement matrix acquisition and compression and transmission convergence measurement matrix, the composite measurement matrix. Through mathematical modeling, verified the measurement matrix composite can guarantee the restricted isometry property awareness matrix (RIP) simulation. In the composite measurement matrix and sparse basis to reconstruct the data at the receiving end, analysis of a variety of measurement matrix reconstruction effect after compound. The results show that the reconstruction effect and signal measurement matrix composite phase time The relevant signal weak correlation. Using Gauss Bernoulli measurement matrix and measurement matrix recovery has good stability, strong signal time correlation with random measurement matrix reconstruction error is relatively small. (3) the design of a multi channel MAC protocol in the deployment of pure hair section in multi hop sensor networks (MCTO-MAC) hybrid network. In the pure nodes containing, in order to increase the delivery rate, pure node data transmission will send multiple retransmission, which will cause a collision between signals, effects of transceiver hybrid network nodes in the.MCTO-MAC protocol is based on low power consumption (Low Power Listening, listen LPL), using multi channel mechanism to send and receive node and node were placed into pure hair two different channels. Pure hair node is calculated according to the pseudo random number intervals were sent in each frame sent are included in the calculation of the transmission interval The random number seed transceiver node responsible for receiving the data sent by the node near the technician, and forwarded to the sink node. Channel transceiver node node send pure timing detection work, the random number seed pre received through the analysis of each sentence of plain text nodes access the channel time to arrange the reception time later in the experiment. Based on the simulation platform of Contiki system, the test results show that the MCTO-MAC protocol can not increase the network energy consumption, reduce the interference data effectively, increase the network delivery rate and survival time. (4) proposed a heuristic cluster load balancing algorithm (LBC-TO). Mixed with pure network transceiver node send node responsible for sending and receiving nodes send pure nearby data forwarding through the data transmission to the sink node in multi hop network structure of the two layer sensor network transceiver node is responsible for completion of the cluster. First the aggregation and forwarding function, the network energy consumption is mainly concentrated in the transceiver node. In order to solve the equilibrium problem with pure hair cluster head node energy consumption of nodes in the network, according to the characteristics of pure development of wireless sensor network node, put forward the concept of input and output data compression ratio, through the establishment of mathematical model, load balancing the condition is derived between adjacent cluster head nodes. LBC-TO algorithm between cluster head nodes exchange overlay node list, by using the load balancing conditions, the establishment of the receiving node ordered list. Compared with other clustering algorithms, LBC-TO can effectively prolong the survival time of the hybrid network. (5) with single hydraulic prop supporting center according to the working surface of the work environment, introduces the design and implementation of hydraulic pressure of the wireless sensor network detection system based on. Emphatically introduces the network structure of the system, sensor node The design and Realization of man-machine interface. Through the system test of the IBBIGA protocol to prevent performance of continuous collision, test results verify the protocol can prevent continuous collision effectively. The proportion of building working surface field work network, MCTO-MAC and LBC-TO of the actual working conditions of the test, the experimental results verify the effect of energy saving and LBC-TO MCTO-MAC the cluster load balancing effect reached the protocol design goals.

【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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