相对论带状束毫米波器件的研究

发布时间：2018-02-21 00:24

本文关键词： 高功率微波带状电子束相对论返波管相对论行波管矩形栅慢波结构　出处：《电子科技大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：高功率电真空器件是一类很有前景的微波源,在军用和民用领域都有很大的应用潜力,其中的相对论返波管(RBWO)和相对论行波管(RTWT)是最常见、用途较多的两类管种。提高高功率微波源的输出功率和输出频率是这类器件的一个重要发展方向,而使用带状电子束是提高微波功率和频率的一种值得探索的方法,因此对带状电子束RBWO和RTWT的研究是很有价值的。本文将依次阐述和解决设计带状电子束器件时所遇到的难题,最后证明带状电子束确实有利于实现更高功率、尤其是更高频率的微波输出。论文的重要工作和创新点有:1.针对矩形单栅、矩形对称双栅和具有任意错位的交错双栅慢波结构,进行了统一的研究并得到它们的通用色散方程,对该方程进行了验证;针对适用于带状束RBWO和RTWT的大宽度矩形栅结构,给出了新的理论求解思路,得到了三种矩形栅结构的通用色散方程,该方程适用于分析大宽度矩形栅中的低次模式。2.针对矩形对称双栅带状束RBWO,提出了一种新型谐振反射器,采用上移阴极的方法既解决了矩形对称双栅基膜为反对称模的问题,还有利于提高输出功率,最后成功研制出一支Ka波段带状束RBWO。实验中获得频率为31.1GHz、功率为46.8MW的微波输出。3.针对矩形单栅带状束RTWT,提出了E面弯曲输入结构,解决了电子注通道对微波不截止的难题;提出了新型的波导与慢波结构之间的渐变结构,设计出可行的连接规则波导和大宽度波导的过渡结构,有效地抑制了自激振荡和高次模式的产生;在实验中提出了调节电子束和输入信号之间同步的方法,最终成功研制出一支Ka波段带状束RTWT,在35GHz处获得了1.21MW的输出。4.为了进一步提高带状束RTWT的输出功率,提出了两段式带状束RTWT的概念;提出了实际可行的衰减器实现方案,并结合实际的参数仿真设计出衰减器,解决了电子注通道处微波不截止从而不能使用切断结构的问题。最终成功模拟设计出一支两段式Ka波段带状束RTWT,当输入功率为11kW时,在35GHz处获得19.5MW的输出功率,对应增益为32.5dB,效率为15.6%。5.为了解决电真空器件在太赫兹(THz)频段由于结构尺寸小、电流密度大以及空间电荷效应强,从而很难获得大功率微波输出的难题,提出了两段双注式带状束RTWT的概念,有利于实现大功率太赫兹辐射;提出了使用分支波导能量耦合器的方法,解决了将微波从第一个大宽度慢波系统输入到第二个大宽度慢波系统的难题;最后成功模拟设计出一支220GHz带状束RTWT,获得超过70MW的输出。6.针对分支波导耦合器,采用基于相位叠加原理的理论推导方法,给出了适用于任意宽度、拥有任意耦合度的耦合器的物理模型,通过推导获得了快速设计公式,利用该公式结合模拟的方法快速设计出两段式带状束RTWT中的耦合器,同时还引申出几种新型的强耦合以及3dB分支波导耦合器。
[Abstract]:High power vacuum devices are a kind of promising microwave sources, which have great potential in military and civil applications, among which relativistic backwave tube (RBWO) and relativistic traveling-wave tube (RTWT) are the most common. Increasing the output power and output frequency of high power microwave sources is an important development direction of such devices, and the use of banded electron beams is a method worth exploring to increase microwave power and frequency. So it is very valuable to study the RBWO and RTWT of banded electron beam. In this paper, we will explain and solve the problems encountered in the design of the strip electron beam device in turn, and finally prove that the band electron beam is beneficial to the realization of higher power. Especially for higher frequency microwave output. The important work and innovation of this paper are: 1. For rectangular single-gate, rectangular symmetrical double-gate and staggered double-gate slow-wave structure with arbitrary dislocation, the general dispersion equation is obtained. The equation is verified and the general dispersion equations of three kinds of rectangular gate structures are obtained for the large-width rectangular gate structures suitable for banded beam RBWO and RTWT. This equation is applicable to the analysis of low order mode in large width rectangular gate. For rectangular symmetric double grid band beam RBWOO, a new type of resonant reflector is proposed. The problem of rectangular symmetric double gate base film is solved not only by moving the cathode up, but also by using the method of moving up the cathode to solve the problem that the rectangular symmetric double gate base film is an antisymmetric mode. Finally, a Ka-band band beam RBWO.The microwave output of 31.1GHz and 46.8MW is obtained in the experiment. For the rectangular single-grid band beam RTWTs, an E-plane bending input structure is proposed. The problem that electron beam channel is not cut off to microwave is solved, a new structure of gradual change between waveguide and slow wave structure is proposed, and a feasible transition structure of connecting regular waveguide and large width waveguide is designed. The self-excited oscillation and the high-order mode are effectively suppressed, and the method of adjusting the synchronization between the electron beam and the input signal is proposed in the experiment. Finally, a Ka-band band beam RTWTs is successfully developed, and the output of 1.21MW is obtained at 35GHz. In order to further improve the output power of the band beam RTWT, the concept of two-segment band beam RTWT is proposed, and the practical implementation scheme of the attenuator is presented. An attenuator is designed based on the practical parameter simulation, which solves the problem that the microwave does not stop at the electron beam channel and can not use the cut off structure. Finally, a two-segment Ka-band band beam RTWTs is successfully designed, when the input power is 11kW, The output power of 19.5MW is obtained at 35GHz, the corresponding gain is 32.5dB, and the efficiency is 15.6. in order to solve the problem of high current density and strong space charge effect due to the small structure size, high current density and strong space charge effect, Therefore, it is difficult to obtain high power microwave output. The concept of two-stage dual-beam band beam RTWT is proposed, which is beneficial to the realization of high-power terahertz radiation, and the method of using branched waveguide energy coupler is presented. The problem of microwave input from the first large width slow wave system to the second large width slow wave system is solved. Finally, a 220 GHz band beam RTWTT is successfully designed, and more than 70 MW output. 6. For the branch waveguide coupler, Based on the theory of phase superposition, the physical model of coupler with arbitrary width and arbitrary coupling degree is given, and the fast design formula is obtained. The coupler in two-segment band beam RTWT is designed quickly by using the formula combined with simulation, and several new strong coupling and 3dB branch waveguide couplers are also developed.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN124

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