高分辨率SAR建筑目标三维重建技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 13:33

  本文选题：高分辨率SAR　切入点：建筑重建　出处：《中国科学技术大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：建筑目标的三维重建是从SAR数据／图像获得建筑目标的空间三维结构信息的技术,在城市发展与规划、城区动态时序监测、灾后结构与经济损失评估、城区动目标研究等遥感应用中具有重要意义。本文以米级和亚米级高分辨率SAR数据为基础,以实际环境中常见的基本立方体及其组合体结构的建筑目标为研究对象,依据SAR图像中这些建筑目标的典型电磁散射特征,通过散射特征的准确提取和建筑物几何参数的精确估计实现建筑目标主体结构的三维重建。主要开展的研究工作包括：1、建筑目标SAR成像机理及其主要散射特征的研究。系统归纳了建筑目标的三维结构与图像表现之问的映射关系,讨论了其成像特点和影响因素。针对建筑目标SAR图像中的叠掩(layover)、二次散射(double bounce)、阴影(shadow)等散射特征,详细分析了它们的形成原因、图像特点和影响因素。2、建筑目标SAR散射特征提取技术研究。针对传统提取方法中存在的点扩散函数高旁瓣干扰问题,从回波域出发,分别提出了结合Hough变换检测的二次散射稀疏重构技术、结合TV约束的强后向散射稀疏重构技术、结合幅值反变换和TV联合约束的阴影稀疏重构技术,降低了点扩散函数旁瓣对散射特征提取的影响,提高了特征提取精度。仿真结果和方法对比验证了三种方法的有效性。3、建筑目标几何参数估计技术研究。在SAR数据条件较好的情况下,提出了基于立体几何反演的参数估计方法,具有良好的估计精度和计算效率。在SAR数据条件不理想时,提出了交替迭代与互信息匹配方法,在实现多几何参数精确估计的同时,取得了估计性能和计算复杂度的良好平衡。仿真结果和方法对比验证了两种方法的有效性。4、组合体建筑目标的三维重建技术研究。将现有的以基本立方体为主的建筑目标三维重建技术,进一步推广到更为复杂且更常见的组合体建筑目标,提出了组合体结构填充与匹配优化技术。其中,通过提取建筑目标的“结构基元”,利用定位、标记、修正和填充等处理过程构建了复杂组合体建筑的结构模型；在此基础上结合互信息匹配和多参数优化技术完成了结构匹配,进而实现了高精度的复杂组合体建筑目标的三维重建。在TerraSAR-X数据和实际高程测量数据的支持下,验证了所提方法的有效性、可靠性和精确性。5、多视角SAR数据下建筑目标的融合重建技术研究。针对单视SAR中建筑目标足迹提取存在的高虚警和高旁瓣干扰问题,利用多视角SAR数据提出了基于“稀疏重构—融合—置信评分检验”的足迹提取方法。针对复杂场景中建筑目标存在后向散射混叠、结构遮挡以及结构未知等问题,提出了基于结构模型的构建与融合的方法。仿真分析和实测数据验证了上述两种方法在应对各自问题中的有效性和可靠性。
[Abstract]:Three-dimensional reconstruction of building targets is a technique to obtain spatial three-dimensional structural information from SAR data / images in urban development and planning, urban dynamic time series monitoring, post-disaster structure and economic loss assessment. In this paper, based on the high resolution SAR data of meter level and sub-meter level, the research object of basic cube and its combination structure in practical environment is taken as the research object, which is of great significance in the application of remote sensing, such as the research of moving target in urban area. Based on the typical electromagnetic scattering characteristics of these building targets in SAR images, Through accurate extraction of scattering features and accurate estimation of geometric parameters of buildings, 3D reconstruction of the main structure of building targets is realized. The main research work includes: 1, SAR imaging mechanism of building targets and its main scattering characteristics. Research. The mapping relationship between 3D structure and image representation of building target is summarized systematically. In this paper, the imaging characteristics and influencing factors are discussed, and the formation reasons of them are analyzed in detail according to the scattering characteristics of the SAR images of building targets, such as overlapped layover, double double bouncees, shadow shadow, and so on. Image characteristics and influencing factors. 2. Research on SAR scattering feature extraction technology of building target. Aiming at the problem of high sidelobe interference of point diffusion function in traditional extraction methods, the echo domain is used to solve the problem of high sidelobe interference. The second scattering sparse reconstruction combined with Hough transform, the strong backscattering sparse reconstruction with TV constraint, the shadow sparse reconstruction with amplitude inverse transform and TV joint constraint are proposed respectively. The influence of the sidelobe of the point diffusion function on the extraction of scattering features is reduced. The accuracy of feature extraction is improved. The effectiveness of the three methods is verified by the comparison of simulation results and methods. The geometric parameter estimation technology of building target is studied. When the SAR data condition is good, A parameter estimation method based on solid geometry inversion is proposed, which has good estimation accuracy and computational efficiency. When the SAR data condition is not ideal, an alternative iteration and mutual information matching method is proposed, which realizes the accurate estimation of multiple geometric parameters at the same time. A good balance between estimation performance and computational complexity is achieved. The effectiveness of the two methods is verified by comparing the simulation results with the methods. 4. The 3D reconstruction technology of the composite building target is studied. 3D reconstruction technology for building targets, Further extended to the more complex and more common composite building targets, an optimization technique for structural filling and matching of composite structures is proposed, in which, by extracting the "structural elements" of the building targets, positioning and marking are used. The structural model of complex composite building is constructed by modifying and filling processes, and the structure matching is completed by combining mutual information matching and multi-parameter optimization techniques. Furthermore, the 3D reconstruction of complex composite building object with high precision is realized. The validity of the proposed method is verified by the support of TerraSAR-X data and the actual height measurement data. Reliability and accuracy. 5. Research on fusion reconstruction technology of building target based on multi-view SAR data. Aiming at the problems of high false alarm and high sidelobe interference in single view SAR, high false alarm and high sidelobe interference are involved in the extraction of building target footprint. Based on the multi-view SAR data, a footprint extraction method based on "sparse reconstruction, fusion and confidence score test" is proposed. In view of the problems of backward scattering aliasing, structural occlusion and unknown structure in complex scenes, this paper proposes a new method of footprint extraction based on "sparse reconstruction, fusion and confidence score test". The method of building and fusion based on structure model is proposed, and the effectiveness and reliability of these two methods in dealing with their respective problems are verified by simulation analysis and measured data.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TN957.52
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本文编号：1561239