微纳材料在红外探测器及应变传感器中的应用

发布时间：2018-03-04 00:39

本文选题：PbTe　切入点：Bi纳米线　出处：《中国科学技术大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来红外探测器、传感器在生产、生活中的作用越来越大,提高探测器、传感器的性能一直是人们努力的目标。本文中,我们以微纳材料为基础,构筑了红外探测器及应变传感器,并对其性能进行了研究。本文取得的主要研究结果如下:(1)以PbTe单晶纳米线作为红外光敏元,构建了金属-半导体-金属(MSM)接触式红外探测器原型器件,并测试了其红外光电转换性能,探讨了光功率密度、偏压、温度等因素对该探测器的影响。研究结果表明,MSM结构的PbTe纳米线的探测器具有小的暗电流,响应时间在毫秒量级,比颗粒组成的同类型薄膜探测器快很多。我们认为,探测器中相对的肖特基结在降低暗电流方面起重要作用。(2)以不同形貌的PbTe为红外光敏感元,制备了欧姆接触式的红外探测器,比较了这几种红外探测器的性能参数。实验发现,在多种形貌中,树枝分支结构的PbTe具有最大的响应度0.46AW-1和探测率3.85×109cm·Hz1/2.W-1,分别比欧姆接触的PbTe纳米线提高了两个和一个量级。我们认为,分支结构的分支部分有效地增大了光敏元的面积,进而提高了红外探测器的探测率。(3)构建了一种新型的电容式红外探测器原型器件,并对其工作机理进行了解释。探索了 Bi纳米线在红外探测器中的应用前景。我们认为,Bi纳米线的带隙可以通过改变纳米线的直径来改变,因此,基于Bi纳米线构筑的红外探测器可以实现不同波段的红外光的探测。(4)制备了柔性聚苯胺/聚二甲基硅氧烷(PANI/PDMS)复合薄膜应变传感器。该传感器具有高达50%的拉伸应变量,在此应变量的条件下,传感器的灵敏度高达54,高于其它材料构筑的传感器。该传感器在施加1V电压的条件下,电流在mA量级,意味着该传感器不需要昂贵的测试设备测量。我们认为,PANI/PDMS复合膜传感器的工作机理基于两部分,一是传感器复合膜在拉伸过程中自身的形变,二是裂纹的影响。该柔性传感器在探测应变及人体运动检测方面都有潜在的应用。
[Abstract]:In recent years, infrared detectors and sensors have played a more and more important role in production and life. Improving the performance of detectors and sensors has always been the goal of people's efforts. In this paper, we are based on micro and nano materials. Infrared detectors and strain sensors are constructed and their properties are studied. The main results obtained in this paper are as follows: 1) PbTe single crystal nanowires are used as infrared photosensitizers. The prototype device of metal-semiconductor-metal MSM) contact infrared detector is constructed, and its infrared photoelectric conversion performance is tested. The optical power density and bias voltage are discussed. The results show that the detector with PbTe nanowires has a small dark current and a response time of millisecond order, which is much faster than that of the same type of thin film detector composed of particles. The relative Schottky junction in the detector plays an important role in reducing the dark current. (2) using different morphologies of PbTe as infrared light sensitive elements, ohmic contact infrared detectors are prepared, and the performance parameters of these detectors are compared. Among the various morphologies, the PbTe with branch structure has the maximum responsivity of 0.46 AW-1 and the detectivity of 3.85 脳 10 9 cm 路Hz 1 / 2.W-1, which is two and one orders of magnitude higher than that of the ohmic contact PbTe nanowires, respectively. The branch part of the branch structure effectively increases the area of Guang Min element, and then improves the detection rate of infrared detector. A new type of capacitive infrared detector prototype device is constructed. The application prospect of Bi nanowires in infrared detectors is explored. We think that the band gap of Bi nanowires can be changed by changing the diameter of nanowires. A flexible Polyaniline / Polydimethylsiloxane Pani / PDMS composite thin film strain sensor was prepared based on the infrared detector constructed by Bi nanowires. The sensor has a tensile strain of up to 50%. Under this strain, the sensitivity of the sensor is as high as 54, which is higher than that of the sensor constructed by other materials. It means that the sensor doesn't need expensive testing equipment. We think that the mechanism of the Pani / PDMS composite membrane sensor is based on two parts, one is the deformation of the composite film itself during the stretching process. The second is the effect of crack. The flexible sensor has potential applications in detecting strain and human motion.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN215;TP212

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