脉冲超宽带收发机关键技术研究与实现

发布时间：2018-03-16 16:57

本文选题：脉冲超宽带　切入点：脉冲发生器　出处：《郑州大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自2002年联邦通信委员会(Federal Communications Commission,FCC)允许超宽带(Ultra-wideband,UWB)技术和产品参与商业化运作以来,对UWB通信技术的研究兴趣和应用需求一直在急剧增加。同时,UWB技术在实际应用中也面临着诸如UWB脉冲产生、小型化天线设计、同步捕获、信道估计等许多关键技术问题。本文以贴近工程实践为目标,对脉冲方式超宽带(Impulse Radio UWB,IR-UWB)无线通信系统中的这些技术难题进行了深入研究。1、针对传统UWB同步捕获方法所需的电路复杂问题,提出了一种基于二次包络的超宽带同步算法,该算法由粗同步和细同步两阶段组成。粗同步阶段采用对相关器输出做二次平滑包络的方法来确立细同步区间,从而使粗同步阶段可以用较大的滑动步长来做相关,从而降低了硬件复杂度;在细同步区间上做相关并取峰值来确立时延完成同步。仿真结果表明,该算法能够显著减少接收机积分器的支路数兼顾同步性能,且有效降低成本和功耗,具有很强的实用性,并已被应用于实际的脉冲超宽带精准定位系统中。2、针对超宽带信道压缩感知重构问题,提出一种基于最小化光滑近似零范数估计的压缩感知(Compressive Sensing,CS)重构算法:SALZ(Smooth Approximate0l norm)算法。该算法属于凸优化算法的一种,比Mangasarian函数,pl-范数逼近,Log-Det函数等方法能够更好的逼近0l-范数。采用的近似函数在最优点附近具有非常陡的下降速率,在理想情况下一旦进入最优点附近收敛速度非常的快。在两三步内就可以以很高精度逼近最优解。最后通过仿真将SALZ算法与LASSO算法比较,复杂度低且性能更优。并且在高稀疏度和低稀疏度信道下均适合。3、针对压缩感知UWB信道估计问题,基于超宽带信道因子图模型,利用广义消息传递(GAMP)和平均场(MF)理论,提出一种新超宽带压缩感知信道估计GAMP-MF算法。由于对于传统贝叶斯方法,做压缩感知涉及到矩阵求逆,而GAMP不需要,极大减少了消息计算量。该算法不仅利用GAMP算法仅涉及标量运算的特点降低了信道估计的整体计算复杂度,而且通过MF算法分布估计为求解混合线性稀疏信号模型的GAMP算法提供先验,从而改善了信道估计精度。最后通过仿真验证了该算法可以远低于OMP算法和LASSO算法的计算复杂度,并达到更好的UWB信道估计性能。4、针对低成本,高幅值,极窄脉冲成形,提出一种新型基于串并联SRD结构的亚纳秒级二阶微分高斯超宽带脉冲发生器设计。采用两个SRD组件,一个SRD用于加速脉冲前沿,另一个用于脉冲整形;前者截止,后者反向偏置,在负载上形成负的窄脉冲。该结构克服了单独串联或者并联的单管SRD脉冲发生器的幅度不足的缺点。并且设计了RC电路网络为二极管提供偏压,速度更快,不需要额外的偏压电路。测试证明,该脉冲发生器结构紧凑、体积小、功耗低、成本低廉、稳定性高,并且非常易于实现,可有效应用在超宽带无线通信和定位系统中,具有很高的实用价值。5、针对小型化陷波天线问题,提出一种SIR互补缝隙设计小型化的陷波结构,使天线实际测量陷波带宽达到800MHz(5.05GHz-5.85GHz),对WLAN系统具有良好的陷波性能,而且有助于小型化设计;采用一个二级阶梯渐变设计,用来扩大天线阻抗带宽,其不仅可以展宽天线带宽,还可以有效减小天线尺寸;提出一种使用部分接地面边缘缝隙来改善高频端E面最大辐射方向偏转的优化方法,采用了两个L形槽。实测结果表明天线的增益大于2d Bi,具有良好的全向辐射特性。该天线尺寸较小,适合作为小型超宽带系统的收发天线,且成本低廉,具有实用价值。6、设计实现了一套脉冲超宽带收发机验证系统。通过对发送和接收所设计的二阶导数高斯脉冲测试分析,初步验证了该系统的有效性,并验证了发射机关键模块设计。
[Abstract]:Since 2002 the Federal Communications Commission (Federal Communications Commission, FCC) allows ultra wideband (Ultra-wideband, UWB) since the technology and products in the commercial operation of UWB communications technology research and application of interest demand has been increasing rapidly. At the same time, UWB technology in the practical application also faces such as UWB pulse generation, design, miniaturization antenna synchronization, channel estimation and so many key technical problems. This paper takes close to engineering practice as the goal, the pulse ultra wideband (Impulse Radio UWB, IR-UWB) these technical problems in wireless communication systems are deeply studied.1 circuit for the traditional UWB acquisition method for complex problems, proposed a super two wideband synchronization algorithm based on envelope, the algorithm is composed of coarse and fine synchronization of two phases. The coarse synchronization stage uses two times smooth envelope of the correlator output Method to establish the fine synchronization interval, so that the coarse synchronization stage can be used to do large sliding step, which reduces the hardware complexity; in the fine synchronization interval correlation and peak delay to establish complete synchronization. The simulation results show that the algorithm can significantly reduce the number of branch receiver integrator considering synchronization performance, and reduce the cost and power consumption, and strong practicability, and has been applied to UWB precise positioning system.2, based on compressed sensing reconstruction of UWB channel problems, propose a minimization smooth approximate zero norm estimation based on compressed sensing (Compressive Sensing CS) reconstruction algorithm: SALZ (Smooth Approximate0l norm) algorithm. This algorithm is a convex optimization algorithm, Mangasarian function, pl- norm approximation, Log-Det function method can better approximate the 0l- norm of the approximate. Drop rate function is very steep in the vicinity of the advantages, in the ideal case once into the advantages of near convergence speed is very fast. In the two or three step can approximate optimal solution with very high precision. Finally, SALZ algorithm compared with LASSO algorithm through simulation, low complexity and can better and are suitable..3 in the high and low degree of sparsity of sparse channel, UWB channel estimation for the compressed sensing problem of UWB channel based on factor graph model, using generalized messaging (GAMP) and mean field (MF) theory, proposed a new GAMP-MF algorithm to estimate the UWB channel for compressed sensing. Because the traditional Bias method, compression perception involves matrix inversion, and GAMP does not need, greatly reducing the message computation. The algorithm not only by using the GAMP algorithm only involves scalar operations and reduces the computational complexity of the overall channel estimation, but also through MF Estimation of distribution algorithm GAMP algorithm for solving mixed linear sparse signal model provides a priori, so as to improve the accuracy of channel estimation. The simulation results show that the algorithm can be far less than the OMP algorithm and LASSO algorithm calculation complexity, and achieve better channel estimation performance of.4 UWB, with low cost, high amplitude and narrow pulse shaping and put forward a new design of sub nanosecond two order differential Gauss series parallel structure of SRD ultra wideband pulse generator based on SRD. Using two components, a SRD is used to accelerate the pulse front, one for the pulse shaping; before the deadline, the reverse bias, narrow pulse negative load on the structure formation in. To overcome the single SRD pulse generator single series or parallel the magnitude of the shortcomings. And the design of the RC circuit network provides bias diode faster, no additional bias circuit test. It is shown that, the pulse generator has the advantages of compact structure, small volume, low power consumption, low cost, high stability, and very easy to implement, can be effectively used in ultra wideband wireless communication and positioning system, has the practical value of.5 is very high, the small notch antenna problem, proposes a notch structure design of small gap SIR complementary, the actual measurement of notch antenna bandwidth reaches 800MHz (5.05GHz-5.85GHz), has a good notch on the performance of the WLAN system, but also contribute to the miniaturization design; using a two step gradient design, to enlarge the antenna impedance bandwidth, which can not only broaden the bandwidth of the antenna, but also can effectively reduce the antenna dimensions; proposes a portion of the ground plane edge to improve the high end E maximum radiation direction deflection method, using two L grooves. The measured results show that the antenna gain is greater than 2D Bi, with good Good. The omnidirectional radiation characteristic of the antenna is small in size, suitable for small antenna ultra wideband systems, and low cost, has the practical value of.6, design and implementation of a pulse ultra wideband transceiver verification system. Through the design of sending and receiving the two order derivative Gauss pulse testing analysis, verified the validity of system, and verify the key module design of the transmitter.

【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TN925

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