空间激光通信光学天线及粗跟踪技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-31 15:35

本文选题：激光通信　切入点：光学天线　出处：《中国科学院研究生院(长春光学精密机械与物理研究所)》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：空间激光通信具有数据传输量大效率高、抗干扰和截获能力强等特点,受到了国内外各国越来越多的关注,已成为国际上的研究热点。近年来,美国、欧洲和日本等国在该领域进行了大量研究并获得了丰硕的成果。我国也开始重视激光通信技术的研究,并取得了一定进展。激光通信是一项综合技术,关键技术很多,尤其是应用于空间通信,对其技术提出了更高的要求。根据文献以及实际工程需求,本文针对空间激光通信的光学天线及粗跟踪伺服转台两个方面的关键技术进行了研究,并对天线指向误差进行了分析研究。a)为实现高光学质量的光学天线,对适用于激光通信的各种典型的天线光学系统类型进行比较分析,确定了以卡塞格林式和离轴反射式两种光学系统进行空间激光通信光学天线研究。根据设计参数及像质分析,对卡塞格林式结构提出了改进。根据两种光学系统设计完成了两种光学天线的设计、优化及分析,包括主次镜支撑,透镜组设计等在内的光学天线结构设计。b)为实现可靠的粗跟踪伺服转台,分析比较了几种常见的激光通信终端粗伺服转台,选择了十字跟踪架式中的水平式粗跟踪伺服转台和潜望式粗跟踪伺服转台进行研究。根据实际工程需求,进行了转台总体结构设计、重要器件的选取以及整机模态分析,并对水平式转台内外框架进行了轻量化设计,加强了刚度,减轻了质量;利用连续拓扑优化技术对潜望式转台轴系外镜筒进行了多目标优化,根据优化结果布置加强板后,刚度及一阶固有频率均有所提高。c)对水平式终端采用了基于误差理论的逐项分析法进行分析。对潜望式终端则从误差源入手,得到了误差传递链路,以此为基础通过坐标变换建立了指向误差数学模型进行分析和仿真。指向误差分析结果表明两种结构形式的粗跟踪装置均有良好的指向精度。d)卡式光学天线以及水平式粗跟踪完成加工装调,并开展了光学天线系统测试以及粗跟踪转台精度测试。口径Ф252mm的卡式光学天线光学系统波像差达到0.058λ(λ=632.8nm),已经达到成像系统衍射极限下的波相差,重量仅19kg;水平式粗跟踪系统赤纬轴轴向跟踪精度25.99μrad。测试结果表明所研制的卡式光学天线以及水平式粗跟踪转台能够满足激光通信使用要求。通过分析及仿真,离轴反射式天线及潜望式伺服转台也能满足空间激光通信应用。通过光学天线及粗跟踪技术的研究,本论文为激光通信系统光机设计提供更多的自由度,为实际工程提供参考。
[Abstract]:The space laser communication has been paid more and more attention by many countries at home and abroad because of its high efficiency of data transmission, strong anti-jamming and intercepting ability. In recent years, the United States, the United States, has become a hot spot in international research. Europe, Japan and other countries have done a lot of research in this field and obtained fruitful results. China has also begun to attach importance to the research of laser communication technology, and has made some progress. Laser communication is a comprehensive technology, and there are many key technologies. Especially for space communication, higher requirements for its technology are put forward. According to the literature and practical engineering requirements, this paper studies the two key technologies of optical antenna and coarse tracking servo turntable for space laser communication. In order to realize the optical antenna with high optical quality, the typical types of antenna optical system suitable for laser communication are compared and analyzed. The optical antenna of space laser communication is studied by using two kinds of optical systems: Cassegrain type and off-axis reflection type. According to the design parameters and image quality analysis, The design, optimization and analysis of two kinds of optical antennas, including primary and secondary mirror support, are completed according to the design of two optical systems. In order to realize the reliable coarse tracking servo turntable, several kinds of common laser communication terminal rough servo turntable are analyzed and compared. The horizontal coarse tracking servo turntable and the perpendicular coarse tracking servo turntable are selected for research. According to the actual engineering requirements, the overall structure design of the turntable, the selection of important components and the modal analysis of the whole machine are carried out. The lightweight design of the inner and outer frame of the horizontal turntable is carried out, the stiffness is strengthened and the mass is reduced, and the multi-objective optimization of the external mirror tube of the perishasic turntable shafting system is carried out by using the continuous topology optimization technique, and the strengthening plate is arranged according to the optimized results. The stiffness and the first order natural frequency are improved. C) the horizontal terminal is analyzed by terms by terms based on the error theory, and the error transmission link is obtained from the error source of the perishasic terminal. On the basis of this, the mathematical model of pointing error is established by coordinate transformation. The results of pointing error analysis show that the coarse tracking device with two kinds of structure has good pointing precision. D) card optical antenna. Horizontal rough tracking finish processing installation, The optical antenna system test and the precision test of the coarse tracking turntable are also carried out. The wave aberration of the optical system of the caliber 252mm card antenna reaches 0.058 位 (位 ~ (63) 2.8 nm), which has reached the diffraction limit of the imaging system. The axial tracking accuracy of the horizontal coarse tracking system is 25.99 渭 rad. the test results show that the developed optical antenna and the horizontal coarse tracking turntable can meet the requirements of laser communication. Off-axis reflector antenna and periscope servo turntable can also meet the application of space laser communication. Through the research of optical antenna and coarse tracking technology, this paper provides more degrees of freedom for optical machine design of laser communication system, and provides reference for practical project.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院(长春光学精密机械与物理研究所)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TN929.1

【相似文献】