穿戴式生理参数监测关键技术研究及系统设计

发布时间：2018-04-09 09:16

本文选题：穿戴式　切入点：多生理参数监测　出处：《浙江大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：随着人口老龄化加剧,人民生活水平的提高以及科学技术的不断进步,人民对于个人健康的关注愈发增强,人们对于健康服务的需求除了医疗救治,更包括了日常监护与健康管理。穿戴式多生理参数监测技术的监测对象主要包括心电、呼吸、体温、脉率、血压、血氧饱和度和血糖等人体基本的生理参数,这些基本的生理参数与许多疾病的防治息息相关。穿戴式多生理参数监测技术可实现对人体非介入式、无创的日常健康监测,具有操作方便、可长时间持续工作、智能显示结果、异常生理状况警报和无线数据传输等特点。具有小型化、低功耗和较强抗干扰能力的可穿戴设备的研究是目前穿戴式医疗的研究难点之一,该研究对于健康服务以及慢病管理都有重要的意义。在这种背景下,为了开展生理参数监测系统研制的关键技术研究,本文研制了两类载体样机,具体内容包括多生理参数监测仪的研制和腕戴式低功耗无线心率监测装置(腕表)的研制。本文研制了一台能够同时监测人体心电、呼吸、体温、脉率、血压和血氧饱和度六种基本生理参数的多生理参数监测仪,包含以下内容:1).穿戴式服装的设计:传统的穿戴式结构设计容易引入大量的运动噪声,信号质量不佳,同时内嵌的传感器、检测电路和连接导线分布广,降低穿戴的舒适性。本文所设计的穿戴式服装穿戴方便,可拆卸便于洗涤,选用莱卡和棉质材料,穿戴舒适,可更换电极以及导联线,便于长期监测。2).生理参数监测功能模块的设计:分别是心电、呼吸信号监测模块的设计,血压、体温、脉率及血氧饱和度监测模块的设计和功耗控制,数据传输以及交互控制主控模块的设计。在结构设计上使用碎片化的设计技术,对于一些特殊的零部件,通过贯穿的方式安装到镂空的电路板上,最大限度地减小占用的空间,从而可以配合穿戴式服装实现低生理负荷的人体生理参数数据采集。本论文以低功耗硬件设计和软件交互控制相配合的方式实现低功耗设计。硬件方面通过选用具有低功耗特性的处理器和外围器件的方案来降低系统功耗,软件方面则可以在操作流程上实现对功耗的优化设计。3).动态监测技术的算法实现:研究心电信号去噪、QRS波群识别技术、实时动态呼吸信号处理和呼吸率监测算法。在心电QRS波群识别的研究中,分析了基于峰值定位的QRS波识别算法以及基于小波分析的QRS波识别算法。其中,基于峰值定位的QRS波识别算法运算简单,计算复杂度较低,适用于计算能力较低的多生理参数监测终端。在呼吸率监测的研究中,根据终端监测设备计算能力较低而呼吸率监测实时性要求较高的特点,设计了适用于多生理参数监测终端的数字滤波器,实现了呼吸率的动态监测。4).样机性能检验与科技查新:该仪器通过了浙江省医疗器械检验院的性能检验。同时,科技查新结果验证了多生理参数监测仪在小型化、低功耗设计方面的先进性。多生理参数监测仪样机在台江区宁化街道社区医院进行教学研究目的临床实验,实验结果显示具有较高的可靠性。针对家庭日常监护以及运动监护的特定需求,本文研制了腕戴式无线低功耗心率实时监测装置。研究内容包括:1).腕戴式心率监测技术方案研究:采用桡动脉、尺动脉脉搏信号及其差分信号三通道同时检测的方法提高系统检测的可靠性,增强抗干扰能力,同时,进行低功耗电路和电源功耗管理的优化设计。然而,基于压电传感器的腕戴式无线低功耗心率监测装置面临着信号容易饱和的问题,为此,本文重点研究基于光电容积法(Photoplethysmography,PPG)的具有较强抗干扰能力的反射式无线心率监测装置。2).反射式心率监测机理与光学模型研究:本文分析了反射式心率检测的组织光学模型以及运动干扰消除原型,设计并制作了具有较高增益、相位一致性的双通道光电采集电路。由于人体组织的复杂性导致理论计算的结果与实际效果之间存在一定的差异,本文设计了不同径向距离和不同形态的传感器阵列进行研究。在反射式光电检测技术中,通过建立组织模型,提出由组织形变产生的运动干扰主要表现为LED之间以及运动时组织内光程的改变。用ZEMAX光学仿真软件对几何光路部分进行仿真,筛选出较优方案,为硬件设计提供参考。3).双光路心率监测电路设计与抗干扰技术研究:根据建立的模型以及ZEMAX光学仿真软件的仿真结果,本文首次提出了一种算法复杂性低,动态范围高,抗运动干扰能力强的方案。该方案使用红、绿双色LED作为发光管,其中,红光波长为620～630nm,绿光波长为518～530nm,并实现2ms时间分辨率,0.85mm空间分辨率的驱动。设计四种运动模式,实验结果证明了所设计的模型的合理性,并且验证了使用红光通道、绿光通道及差分通道同时采集脉搏波信号以提高系统抗运动干扰能力的方法是可行的,而且差分通道具有较强的抗运动干扰能力和较高信噪比。
[Abstract]:With the increase of population aging , the improvement of people ' s living standards and the continuous progress of science and technology , the people ' s attention to personal health has become more and more important . The research of wearable devices with small size , low power consumption and strong anti - jamming capability is important to the prevention and cure of many diseases . The wearable garment is designed : the traditional wearable structure design is easy to introduce a large amount of motion noise , the signal quality is poor , meanwhile , the embedded sensor , the detection circuit and the connecting wire are widely distributed , so that the wearing comfort is reduced . The wearable garment is convenient to wear , is detachable and convenient to wash , is comfortable to wear , can replace the electrodes and lead wires , and is convenient for long - term monitoring . The design of physiological parameter monitoring function module is the design of ECG , respiratory signal monitoring module , design of blood pressure , body temperature , pulse rate and blood oxygen saturation monitoring module , data transmission and design of interactive control main control module . In the research of ECG QRS complex recognition , the QRS wave recognition algorithm based on peak location and QRS wave identification algorithm based on wavelet analysis are analyzed . The performance test of the prototype and the novelty of science and technology : The instrument has passed the performance test of Zhejiang Medical Device Inspection Institute . At the same time , the new results of scientific and technological examination have verified the advanced nature of the multi - physiological parameter monitor in the miniaturization and low power consumption design . The prototype of the multi - physiological parameter monitor has a higher reliability . In view of the specific needs of daily monitoring and exercise monitoring of the family , a wrist - worn wireless low - power heart rate real - time monitoring device is developed . The wrist - worn heart rate monitoring device is designed by using radial artery , ulnar artery pulse signal and differential signal three - channel simultaneous detection to improve the reliability of system detection , enhance the anti - interference ability , and simultaneously carry out the optimization design of low power consumption circuit and power consumption management . However , the wrist - worn wireless low - power heart rate monitoring device based on piezoelectric sensor is faced with the problem of easy saturation of signal . Therefore , the present paper mainly studies the reflection type wireless heart rate monitoring device based on Photopletrography ( PPG ) with stronger anti - interference ability . The mechanism of reflection - type heart rate monitoring and the study of optical model are as follows : This paper analyzes the tissue - optical model of reflex - type heart rate detection and the prototype of motion disturbance elimination , designs and makes a dual - channel photoelectric acquisition circuit with higher gain and phase consistency . In the reflection photoelectric detection technology , the sensor array with different radial distance and different shape is designed . In the reflection photoelectric detection technology , the motion disturbance caused by tissue deformation is mainly represented as the change of the optical path between the LEDs and the movement . Based on the established model and the simulation results of ZEMA X - ray simulation software , this paper proposes a scheme of low complexity , high dynamic range and strong anti - motion jamming capability . The scheme uses red and green two - color LEDs as luminotron .

【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TP274;R318.6

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