中国大陆媒体对伊斯兰国家报道研究（2001—2015）

发布时间：2018-04-21 03:20

  本文选题：大陆媒体 + 伊斯兰国家　； 参考：《河北大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：论文基于新闻学、传播学等多学科理论,对事件以来中国大陆媒体对伊斯兰合作组织个成员国的新闻报道做了整体性梳理,具体运用新闻框架、议程设置、发展传播学等理论给予专业性多角度解析,在梳理总结有益经验的同时,指出了报道中存在的不足与深层次问题。中国媒体在报道主体和前端控制中,既要有内外报道政策的考量,又要有伊斯兰文化禁忌的观照,除了新闻职业道德与新闻的固有专业要求之外,中国媒体还要准确反映中国和伊斯兰国家的核心利益和共同关切,并在宏观上做好信源控制和热点控制,微观上做好表达控制和有害信息管控。涉外报道的经验可以反哺给对外报道,两者也可实现更好联动。与涉外报道标准不同,官媒对伊斯兰国家报道更看重冲突性和反常性,而穆斯林民间媒体更看重重要性和接近性。加强国际国内报道文本表达的协调性,应进一步规避西式表达,慎重对待翻译稿件,重视使用直接引语,并坚持独立采制。报道中应避免跨宗教词汇混用,标题拟制和改写应忠于事实,避免误导受众。商业网站在使用伤亡照片时应加技术处理,并应加强人文关怀,避免伤害受众。较之西方媒体,中国媒体表达了更多中立立场,但在部分热点问题上自觉不自觉地也与西媒保持了某种事实上的呼应关系。对伊拉克战争的报道中,弱势媒体面对西方强势媒体应验了“羊群效应”,从众报道行为导致多次“塌方式”报道偏差。相关报道通过对冲式、二传手式、转圈式、隐蔽式和多信源式等五种转载方式对接外媒,总体上仍存在外媒依赖症;而语言问题、签证问题、人员配备数量问题、记者换班问题以及官媒驻外记者站的分散性问题等共同影响了采制能力的提升。普通民众、大学生、穆斯林知识分子、非穆斯林知识分子、一般媒体工作人员以及伊斯兰国家在华留学生等六类人群普遍认为宗教因素对采制和理解相关报道至关重要,并希望进行更多的独立自主报道。与报道相关的信息流动,存在“不闭环”和“不对流”情况;“沉默的螺旋”现象也普遍存在,但新媒体的使用带来了新情况。由于存在效果测定难度,难以有效减轻话语疲劳症、文化隔膜症、翻译误读症和宣传恐惧症等。民间舆论场和官方舆论场存在自说自话情况。提升国家的整体话语权,应加强舆论场协调并有效整合现有评论力量。舆论领袖越来越多使用社交媒体来发表观点,应更加重视联合平台建设,保障舆论领袖及时准确顺畅地进行更加国际化的舆论表达。“一带一路”战略为改善相关报道提供了良好契机,《中国政府对阿拉伯国家政策文件》为媒体进一步指点了方向。伊斯兰国家是中国提升对外国家话语权的重要阵地,应加强对现有报道的优劣势分析,创新报道思维、加大报道力度,提升报道效果。
[Abstract]:Based on the theories of journalism, communication and other disciplines, the paper makes an overall analysis of the news reports of the OIC member states by the Chinese mainland media since the incident, using the news framework and agenda setting. The theories of developing communication and other theories are analyzed from various angles. While summing up the useful experience, the paper points out the shortcomings and deep-seated problems in the report. In the Chinese media reporting subject and front-end control, both internal and external reporting policy considerations and Islamic cultural taboos should be taken into account, in addition to the professional ethics of journalism and the inherent professional requirements of journalism. The Chinese media should also accurately reflect the core interests and common concerns of China and Islamic countries, and do a good job of source control and hot spot control at the macro level, and expression control and harmful information control on the micro level. The experience of foreign-related reporting can be fed back to external reports, and the two can also achieve better linkage. Unlike foreign reporting standards, state media focus more on conflict and anomaly in Islamic reporting, while Muslim folk media value importance and proximity. To strengthen the coordination of the international and domestic reports, we should further avoid the western expression, treat the translated manuscripts with caution, attach importance to the use of direct quotations, and insist on independent collection. The mixed use of interreligious words should be avoided, and the preparation and rewriting of titles should be faithful to the facts and avoid misleading the audience. When using casualty photos, commercial websites should strengthen humanistic care and avoid harming the audience. Compared with the western media, the Chinese media expressed more neutral stance, but consciously and unconsciously maintained some de facto relations with the western media on some hot issues. In the coverage of the war in Iraq, the weak media in the face of the powerful Western media have realized the herding effect, and the behavior of following the crowd has led to the deviation of the way of reporting many times. The related reports have docked foreign media through five kinds of reprinting methods, namely, hedging, two-pass, revolving, covert and multi-source, which still exist in general, while language problems, visa problems, and staffing problems, The problem of reporter shift and the dispersion of official press station influence the improvement of acquisition ability. Six groups of people, such as ordinary people, college students, Muslim intellectuals, non-Muslim intellectuals, ordinary media workers and students from Islamic countries in China, generally believe that religious factors are essential to the production and understanding of relevant reports. And hope to carry out more independent reports. There are "no closed loop" and "no convection" in the information flow related to the report, and the phenomenon of "silence spiral" also exists generally, but the use of new media brings new situation. Because of the difficulty of effect measurement, it is difficult to reduce speech fatigue, culture diaphragm, translation misreading and propaganda phobia. The public opinion field and the official public opinion field have the self-talk situation. To enhance the state's overall right of speech, we should strengthen the coordination of public opinion field and effectively integrate the existing commentary forces. Opinion leaders more and more use social media to express their views, and should pay more attention to the construction of joint platform to ensure timely, accurate and smooth expression of public opinion. The "Belt and Road" strategy provides a good opportunity to improve the relevant reports, and the Chinese government's policy document on Arab countries further pointed out the direction for the media. Islamic countries are an important position for China to promote the right to speak with foreign countries. It is necessary to strengthen the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the existing reports, innovate the thinking of reports, increase the intensity of reports and improve the results of reports.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G212
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本文编号：1780714