短波测向定位技术研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 02:20

本文选题：短波测向 + 快速算法　；参考：《电子科技大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：随着通信技术的发展,短波通信中大量采用网络化通信系统、低截获概率通信体制、自适应功率控制技术以及自适应选频技术等,致使第三方对信号的测向与定位日益困难。提高测向处理的时效性、使用宽带信道化测向处理技术、构建宽带自动交会定位网,是现阶段提升对短波通信信号测向定位能力的有效方法。本论文研究了短波窄带测向方法、短波宽带信道化测向方法、短波机动测向处理方法;同时分析宽带组网定位的处理流程,并给出了改进策略和相应的数据处理方法。最后利用实际的测向定位系统对研究成果进行了验证。主要工作和贡献如下:1.针对圆阵上二维空间谱的快速计算问题,研究了适用于任意圆阵的快速空间谱计算方法。根据均匀圆阵各方向向量的圆周循环特性,指出空间谱的计算可由快速卷积完成。借助虚拟阵列变换的思想,将任意圆阵变换成一个阵元数与空间谱点数相等的虚拟均匀圆阵,利用虚拟均匀圆阵的方向向量来完成空间谱的快速计算。2.为解决任意阵列二维空间谱的快速计算问题,将阵列的方向向量进行分解,并分别用不同的虚拟均匀圆阵的方向向量与分解后的各方向向量相对应。这一处理过程等效于将原阵列转化成由多个虚拟均匀圆形子阵构成的阵列。根据每个子阵能激发的有效相位模式数远小于空间谱点数的事实,提出了一种利用模式空间中的有效相位模式计算空间谱的快速算法。3.针对短波宽带信道化测向处理中面临的巨大计算量问题,研究了相关干涉仪的快速实现方法。提出了一种基于引导基线的快速相关干涉仪测向算法。将测向基线分为引导基线与解模糊基线,引导基线决定测向精度与角度搜索范围,解模糊基线去除模糊方位,从而兼顾了测向精度、测向时效性与解模糊可靠性。推导了该算法在任意形式引导基线情况下的误差方差表达式,并与测向误差的克拉美-罗界进行了对比。以均匀圆阵为模型,给出了提高测向精度的措施和解模糊基线的选择方法。4.对比幅法中的沃森-瓦特测向方法及基于角度计的乌兰韦伯听觉测向方法进行了研究。针对沃森-瓦特测向处理中出现的方位模糊与误差校正问题,分析了误差模型,给出了因幅相误差导致的测向误差表达式,并提出了一种实用的误差校正方法。针对角度计测向在数字化实现过程中出现的幅度不连续等问题,提出了对空间采样序列进行内插的处理方法,从而获得了较好的听觉效果。5.针对短波宽带自动交会定位中面临的信号分选、参数估计、数据传输、多站信号匹配等问题,对交会处理流程进行了优化。给出了信号检测门限的设置方法,制定了信号分选策略,在保留信号信息的同时减小了传输数据量,并提出了能有效减小定位虚假点的多站信号匹配方法。
[Abstract]:With the development of communication technology, network communication system, low interception probability communication system, adaptive power control technology and adaptive frequency selection technology are widely used in shortwave communication. Improving the timeliness of direction-finding processing, using wideband channelized direction-finding processing technology, constructing broadband automatic rendezvous location network is an effective method to improve the direction-finding ability of shortwave communication signals at present. In this paper, the short-wave narrow-band direction-finding method, shortwave wideband channelized direction finding method and short-wave maneuvering direction-finding method are studied. At the same time, the processing flow of broadband networking location is analyzed, and the improved strategy and corresponding data processing method are given. Finally, the research results are verified by using the actual direction finding and positioning system. The main work and contributions are as follows: 1. To solve the problem of fast calculation of two-dimensional spatial spectrum on circular array, a fast spatial spectrum calculation method suitable for arbitrary circular array is studied. According to the circular cycle characteristic of every direction vector of uniform circular array, it is pointed out that the calculation of spatial spectrum can be accomplished by fast convolution. Based on the idea of virtual array transformation, the arbitrary circular array is transformed into a virtual uniform circular array with equal number of elements and spatial spectral points, and the direction vector of virtual uniform circular array is used to complete the fast calculation of spatial spectrum. In order to solve the problem of fast calculation of two-dimensional spatial spectrum of arbitrary arrays, the directional vectors of arrays are decomposed, and the direction vectors of different virtual uniform circular arrays are corresponding to each direction vector after decomposition. This process is equivalent to transforming the original array into an array composed of multiple virtual uniform circular subarrays. According to the fact that the number of effective phase modes excited by each subarray is far less than the number of spatial spectral points, a fast algorithm. 3 is proposed to calculate the spatial spectrum by using the effective phase modes in the mode space. In order to solve the problem of huge computation in short-wave wideband channelized direction-finding processing, the fast implementation method of correlation interferometer is studied. A fast correlation interferometer direction finding algorithm based on guided baseline is proposed. The direction finding baseline is divided into guiding baseline and unfuzzy baseline, which determines the precision and angle search range of direction finding, and removes fuzzy azimuth from the solution of fuzzy baseline, thus taking into account the precision of direction finding, the timeliness of direction finding and the reliability of de-fuzziness. The expression of the error variance of the algorithm in any form of guided baseline is derived and compared with the Cramey-Row bound of the direction finding error. Taking the uniform circular array as the model, the method of improving the precision of direction finding and selecting the fuzzy baseline is given. In this paper, Watson-Watt direction finding method and Wu Lan Webb auditory direction finding method based on angle meter are studied. Aiming at the problem of azimuth ambiguity and error correction in Watson Watt direction finding, the error model is analyzed, the expression of direction finding error caused by amplitude and phase error is given, and a practical error correction method is put forward. In order to solve the problem of amplitude discontinuity in the digital realization of angle measurement direction, the interpolation method of spatial sampling sequence is proposed, and the better hearing effect is obtained. Aiming at the problems of signal sorting, parameter estimation, data transmission and multi-station signal matching in HF broadband automatic rendezvous location, the rendezvous process is optimized. A signal detection threshold setting method is presented and a signal sorting strategy is formulated to reduce the amount of data transmitted while retaining the signal information. A multi-station signal matching method which can effectively reduce the location of false points is proposed.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TN925

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