面向馆藏文物的三维数据获取及可视化研究

发布时间：2018-04-30 07:09

本文选题：馆藏文物 + 三维扫描　；参考：《华南理工大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：文物作为文化的承载者,在文化发展中具有举足轻重的作用。但随着人类活动的影响和时间的流逝,古文物不断遭受损坏,有效的文物数据保存工作成为一个重要的课题。文物数字化是目前最为科学的文物数据获取和保存手段,不仅可以记录文物原始的三维信息和纹理信息,进而实现三维信息展示,同时为文物修缮和恢复提供重要的数据和模型支持。当前三维扫描技术、数码拍照技术、三维渲染技术等,都为文物数字化提供了技术支持。本文聚焦馆藏文物,对馆藏文物的三维数据获取及其可视化进行了深入研究,实现了从文物的三维数据扫描、处理、建模、渲染,到3D打印输出和三维数字化展示平台建立的数字化全过程。针对典型的馆藏文物,本文使用Go!Scan型号的结构光三维扫描方式进行三维信息采集,包括文物的三维结构信息和表面纹理信息;对于油画表面数据的获取,本文基于线激光扫描技术和精密程控三维平移台,自主研发了油画表面微观结构三维信息采集设备,该设备可以对油画表面的微观三维信息进行采集,x-y轴方向的扫描精度为10μm以内,z轴方向的扫描精度为2μm。数据处理中,将扫描获得的RGB颜色数据与三维点云进行一一绑定,获得彩色三维点云,以彩色点云为最小单位进行去噪、重采样、配准、封装、优化等算法的改进。在K均值聚类的点云降噪算法中,引入欧氏距离权重因子,有效改善离群点的误判率;在点云重采样算法中,同时考虑曲率和法向量,兼顾了点云的结构和细节;点云配准算法中,利用基于点云重心距离特征的边界检测方法来提取点云边界的特征点,以此来减少参与迭代的点,不仅降低了算法复杂度,还提高了配准的精确性;点云封装算法中,在经典的Crust算法基础上引入区域划分和Delaunay四面体网格剖分的概念来进行三角网格曲面重构,不仅提高了算法效率,还避免曲面在非闭合区域的机械粘连现象;三角网格修复算法中,基于波前法,并不每次都选取孔洞边界夹角最小的角进行修补,而是采用一种基于边界区域增长的方式,由孔洞的边界向孔洞内部逐渐填充孔洞,可以实现与实际结构较为接近的三角网格孔洞修补。以面向对象的三维空间特征数据库技术为基础,结合了面向对象技术、面向服务技术、三维渲染技术、B+tree索引算法、LOD显示技术、Web services技术等,研发了一种基于面向对象的三维空间特征数据库库的文物三维渲染引擎,该引擎克服了传统技术在重构和渲染时效率低、计算复杂等问题,可以实现批量文物三维模型的场景重构和逼真的文物模型渲染效果。馆藏文物的彩色三维数字模型建立之后,一方面,使用3D打印可视化技术进行输出,研究内容包括3D设备无法在暂停前后实现连续打印提出了有效的改善途径;另一方面,将文物三维数据应用于数字化博物馆中,构建基于云计算、移动互联网技术的文物三维模型展示系统,可以实现数字博物馆功能,进行逼真的虚拟文物展示,观众可以通过手机等移动终端随时随地、清晰、3D逼真地浏览和欣赏各大博物馆中的珍贵文物。
[Abstract]:Cultural relic, as the bearer of culture, plays an important role in the development of culture. However, with the influence of human activities and the passing of time, ancient articles are constantly damaged. Effective preservation of cultural relics has become an important subject. In order to record the original three-dimensional information and texture information of the cultural relics, the three-dimensional information display is realized, and the important data and model support are provided for the restoration and restoration of the cultural relics. The current three-dimensional scanning technology, digital photography technology and three-dimensional rendering technology provide technical support for the digitalization of cultural relics. This article focuses on the collection of cultural relics and the collection of cultural relics The 3D data acquisition and visualization are deeply studied, and the digital process of 3D data scanning, processing, modeling, rendering, 3D printout and 3D digital display platform is realized. In view of the typical collection of collections, this paper uses Go! Scan model structure light three-dimensional scanning method for 3D information mining. Collection, including the three-dimensional structure information and surface texture information of the cultural relics; for the acquisition of oil painting surface data, based on the line laser scanning technology and the precision program controlled three-dimensional translation table, this paper independently developed the three-dimensional information collection equipment of the oil painting surface micro structure, which can collect the micro three-dimensional information on the oil painting surface, and the X-Y axis direction. The scanning precision is less than 10 m, and the scanning precision of the Z axis direction is 2 u M. data processing, and the RGB color data obtained by the scanning is bound to the three dimensional point cloud one by one, and the color 3D point cloud is obtained, and the algorithms of denoising, resampling, registration, encapsulation and optimization are improved by the color point cloud as the smallest unit. The point cloud denoising in K mean clustering is calculated. In the method, the Euclidean distance weight factor is introduced to effectively improve the error rate of outliers. In the point cloud resampling algorithm, the structure and details of the point cloud are taken into account simultaneously with the curvature and the normal vector. In the point cloud registration algorithm, the feature points of the point cloud boundary are extracted by using the boundary detection method based on the center of gravity distance of the point cloud, in order to reduce the participation. The point of iteration not only reduces the complexity of the algorithm, but also improves the accuracy of registration. In the point cloud encapsulation algorithm, the concept of regional division and Delaunay tetrahedral mesh generation is introduced on the basis of the classical Crust algorithm to reconstruct triangular mesh surface, which not only improves the efficiency of the algorithm, but also avoids the mechanical adhesion of the surface in the non closed region. The triangle mesh restoration algorithm, based on the wave front method, does not select the minimum angle angle of the hole boundary every time, but uses a method based on the growth of the boundary region, and gradually fills the hole from the boundary of the hole to the hole inside the hole, and can realize the triangular mesh hole repair which is close to the actual structure. Based on the 3D spatial feature database technology, it combines object oriented technology, service oriented technology, 3D rendering technology, B+tree index algorithm, LOD display technology, Web services technology and so on, and develops a 3D rendering engine of cultural relics based on object-oriented 3D spatial feature database. When the reconstruction and rendering are inefficient and complex computing, the scene reconstruction of the 3D model of mass cultural relics and the rendering effect of realistic artifacts can be realized. After the establishment of the three-dimensional digital model of the collection of cultural relics, on the one hand, the 3D printing visualization technology is used for output, and the content of the research includes that the 3D device can not be realized before and after the suspension. On the other hand, the three dimensional data of the cultural relics can be applied to the digital museum, and the 3D model display system based on cloud computing and mobile Internet technology can be used to realize the function of the digital museum and carry out the realistic display of the virtual cultural relics. The audience can follow the mobile terminal such as the mobile phone. Clearly and vividly, 3D can browse and appreciate the precious cultural relics in the museums.

【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G265;O439;TP311.52

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