面向片上光互连的纳米光波天线研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 02:30

本文选题：表面等离激元 + 金属—电介质—金属波导　；参考：《浙江大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：纳米光波天线近年来因其在纳米显微成像、吸收光伏、非线性光学乃至生物医疗等方面的广泛应用而受到日益增长的关注,目前已成为纳米光子学领域中的重要课题。与传统射频微波天线类似,纳米光波天线可在亚波长局域光场与自由空间辐射场间搭建桥梁,使两者有效转换。形如单极天线、偶极天线、蝴蝶结天线及八木宇田天线等诸多传统天线结构都已成功被缩小移植至纳米尺度,相关的理论与实验研究也都取得了一系列的进展。然而,由于金属等纳米材料在高频光波段拥有与其在低频微波段截然不同的物理特性,经典天线理论对纳米光波天线而言并不适用。因此,如何设计并应用纳米光波天线就成为了一个亟待研究的问题。另一方面,与传统天线相比,纳米光波天线所具有更小几何尺寸与更高工作频率,无疑也将为无线通信系统带来更高的器件集成度与更强的数据传输能力。这一特性则有望为纳米尺度无线光通信提供了新的可能。基于此,本文主要探究了纳米光波天线在片上无线光互连方面的潜在应用。从纳米光波天线的当前研究现状及应用发展出发,本文基于纳米光波天线理论,针对金属及电介质等不同材料在光频段的特殊响应,分别设计并研究了相应结构的纳米光波天线。对于金属材料,我们设计了金属纳米喇叭天线。该天线基于非共振工作原理,可有效避免普通共振型天线的极窄工作带宽限制。研究表明,该天线可与单模及多模表面等离激元光波导在1200至2000 nm超宽带范围实现阻抗匹配,耦合效率高达95%以上。此外,金属纳米喇叭天线还具有极强的远场辐射方向性,以该天线为发射与接收单元所构成的纳米尺度无线光互连链路,相比基于偶极天线的无线链路及表面等离激元光波导直连链路,在通信传输效率上具有100倍以上的优势。此外,该链路可在整个近红外通信波段保持稳定的信号传输特性。通过进一步与其他表面等离激元器件集成,我们还设计了具有简单拓扑结构的片上无线宽带光通信网络并展示了诸如广播、复用等基本通信功能。考虑到金属在光频段的高损耗特性,我们还将研究拓展到以硅为代表的高折射率介质材料上。基于介质纳米结构在光频段的特殊电、磁共振响应,我们提出了易于片上集成的介质纳米贴片天线,同时研究了该天线对片上纳米光源自发辐射特性的影响。针对传统解析理论无法应用于非球状纳米天线的不足,我们还提出了可定量分析贴片天线—纳米光源耦合系统远场辐射特的半解析反解方法,构建了相应的多极子等效物理模型,并成功利用该模型设计实现了介质纳米贴片天线对纳米光源远场辐射方向性的增强与旋转等操作。最后,我们还将对上述工作在未来的进一步拓展及纳米光波天线领域的未来发展方向进行展望。
[Abstract]:Nanoscale optical antenna has attracted more and more attention in recent years because of its wide application in nanoscale imaging, absorption of photovoltaic, nonlinear optics and even biological medicine. It has become an important topic in the field of nano photonics. Similar to the traditional RF microwave antenna, the nanoscale antenna can be in the sub wavelength local light field and freedom. There are many traditional antenna structures, such as monopole antenna, dipole antenna, bow antenna and Yagi Uda antenna, have been successfully reduced to nanoscale, and the related theoretical and experimental research has also made a series of progress. However, the metal and other nanomaterials are in high frequency. The classical antenna theory is not suitable for the nanoscale wave antenna. Therefore, how to design and apply the nanoscale antenna has become an urgent problem to be studied. On the other hand, compared with the traditional antenna, the nanoscale antenna has smaller size and more size. The high working frequency will undoubtedly bring higher device integration and stronger data transmission capability for the wireless communication system. This feature is expected to provide new possibilities for nanoscale wireless optical communication. Based on this, this paper mainly explores the potential applications of nanoscale optical antenna to wireless optical interconnection on chip. Based on the current research status and application development, this paper, based on the theory of nanoscale antenna, designed and studied the corresponding nanostructured light wave antennas for the special response of different materials such as metal and dielectric materials in the optical band. For metal materials, we designed the metal nano horn antenna. It can effectively avoid the narrow bandwidth limit of the common resonant antenna. The study shows that the antenna can match the impedance of a single mode and multi mode surface plasmon waveguide in the range of 1200 to 2000 nm ultra wideband, and the coupling efficiency is up to 95%. The line is a nano scale wireless optical interconnection link consisting of the transmitting and receiving units. Compared with the radio link based on the dipole antenna and the surface plasmon optical link, the link has more than 100 times the advantages of the communication transmission efficiency. In addition, the link can keep the stable signal transmission characteristics in the whole near infrared communication band. One step is to integrate with other surface plasmon components. We also design a wireless broadband optical communication network with simple topology and show basic communication functions such as broadcasting and multiplexing. Considering the high loss characteristics of metal in the optical band, we also extend the study to the high refractive index media represented by silicon. With the special electrical and magnetic resonance response of the dielectric nanostructures in the optical band, we propose a dielectric nanoscale patch antenna which is easy to integrate on the chip. At the same time, we study the effect of the antenna on the spontaneous emission characteristics of the nanoscale light source on the chip. We also put forward a quantitative analysis for the shortcomings of the traditional analytical theory that can not be applied to the nonspherical nanometers. The patch antenna, the semi analytical inverse solution of the far-field radiation of the nanoscale coupling system, has constructed the corresponding multipole equivalent physical model, and successfully used this model to realize the enhancement and rotation of the nanoscale nanoscale radiation direction by the dielectric nanoscale antenna. Finally, we will also work in the future. Further development and future development direction of nano wave antenna are prospected.

【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TN820

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