实用化量子通信若干理论与实验研究

发布时间：2018-05-07 20:51

本文选题：量子密钥分发 + 测量设备无关　；参考：《中国科学技术大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：量子通信是量子物理学与信息学深入交叉而诞生的新兴前沿学科。当前量子通信领域包括了量子密钥分发、量子隐形传态、量子秘密共享、量子数字签名、相对论量子比特承诺、量子指纹识别、量子中继、量子数据锁等方向。量子态叠加原理是量子物理学的核心,利用量子态相干叠加效应可以让量子通信协议相比于经典通信协议拥有更多的优势。由于这些优势的存在,激发了研究者们在理论和实验中不断的探索,将不同的量子通信协议朝向实际的应用方面推进。当前量子密钥分发实用化技术发展十分迅猛,例如基于光纤传输的京沪干线和沪杭干线都将在今年底建设完成,而基于自由空间传输的世界首颗量子卫星“墨子号”和执行包括空地量子密钥分发任务的天宫二号相继成功发射升空。然而随着实用化量子密钥分发的发展,研究者们发现理论中的证明与实际的系统之间存在差异,而这些差异将会给实际系统带来漏洞从而出现针对实际系统的量子黑客攻击。例如针对多光子源的光子数分离攻击和探测器的强光致盲攻击等。因此研究实际系统的安全性是量子密钥分发领域最重要的课题之一。相比于量子密钥分发,其他量子通信协议如量子指纹识别、量子数字签名和量子秘密共享等都还处于早期的理论研究和原理性实验检验阶段,离实用化的目标还相对遥远。本论文作者在博士期间主要的工作包括,量子密钥分发、量子指纹识别、量子数字签名的理论和实验研究。具体的利用相干叠加态理论模拟了测量设备无关的量子密钥分发,得到了更高的安全成码率和安全传输距离；研究了诱骗态方案的基于Bell不等式的测量设备无关的量子密钥分发理论；给出了六态SARG04协议的无条件安全成码率的公式获得了更高的安全错误率门限；提出探测器诱骗的回环差分相移量子密钥分发,移去了光子数分辨探测器的要求；实验演示了外场条件下基于不信任中继的量子密钥分发网络；将测量设备无关量子密钥分发的安全传输距离提升到404公里；实验观察到了打破经典极限的基于双Sagnac干涉仪的量子指纹识别；实验演示了超过102km的无条件安全量子数字签名。
[Abstract]:Quantum communication is a new frontier subject of quantum physics and informatics. The current quantum communication fields include quantum key distribution, quantum teleportation, quantum secret sharing, quantum digital signature, relativistic quantum bit commitment, quantum fingerprint identification, quantum relay, quantum data lock and so on. The principle of quantum state superposition is the core of quantum physics. Using the coherent superposition effect of quantum state can make quantum communication protocol have more advantages than classical communication protocol. Due to the existence of these advantages, researchers have been motivated to explore in theory and experiment and push different quantum communication protocols towards practical applications. At present, the practical technology of quantum key distribution is developing rapidly. For example, the Beijing-Shanghai and Shanghai-Hangzhou trunk lines, which are based on optical fiber transmission, will be completed by the end of this year. "Mozi", the world's first quantum satellite based on free space transmission, and Tiangong II, which carries out a mission involving the distribution of quantum keys in an open space, have been launched successfully one after another. However, with the development of practical quantum key distribution, researchers find that there are differences between the theoretical proof and the actual system, and these differences will bring vulnerabilities to the actual system and lead to quantum hacking attacks against the actual system. For example, the multi-photon source photon number separation attack and the detector strong light blinding attack and so on. Therefore, studying the security of practical systems is one of the most important topics in the field of quantum key distribution. Compared with quantum key distribution, other quantum communication protocols, such as quantum fingerprint identification, quantum digital signature and quantum secret sharing, are still in the early stage of theoretical research and principle experimental verification, and are far from the practical target. During his Ph. D., the author's main work includes quantum key distribution, quantum fingerprint identification, and theoretical and experimental research on quantum digital signature. The coherent superposition state theory is used to simulate the quantum key distribution which is independent of the measurement device, and a higher secure bit rate and secure transmission distance are obtained. The quantum key distribution theory based on Bell inequality is studied, and the formula of unconditional secure bit-rate of six-state SARG04 protocol is given, and a higher threshold of secure error rate is obtained. In this paper, the detector decoy differential phase shift quantum key distribution is proposed, which removes the requirement of photon number resolution detector, and the experiment demonstrates the quantum key distribution network based on distrust relay under the condition of external field. The secure transmission distance of measurement device independent quantum key distribution is increased to 404km. Quantum fingerprint identification based on double Sagnac interferometer is observed to break the classical limit. Unconditional secure quantum digital signature over 102km is demonstrated.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：O413;TN918

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