风致压电振动能量收集与存储技术研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 03:13

本文选题：森林风 + 压电振动能量　；参考：《北京林业大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：在环境监测领域,无线传感器网络技术得到大力推广,如果节点的电能供给问题得不到解决,那么为数量庞大的传感器节点换电池也是个难题。因此,林区无线传感器节点自供电问题得到了广泛关注,从环境中收集诸如太阳能、风能、温差能等方式得到了越来越多的研究。本文着眼于微风能收集的方式,虽然电磁方式的发电机技术已经很成熟,但是压电发电方式由于其发电性能良好、结构简单、便于加工制作等特点得到了国内外的关注,本文用风速杯式压电能量收集的方式收集微风能,为风致多方向压电能量收集的发展提供支撑。本文的研究内容和结果如下：1、森林风特性分析,主要以鹫峰林场入口处观测到的风速和风向数据进行统计分析,通过风玫瑰图可以得出各月份的风速和风向的分布情况,然后用数据拟合了韦伯风速概率密度函数和高斯风速概率密度函数,高斯风速概率密度函数的拟合度更高,经过检验,选取高斯风速概率密度函数来进行后续的风能预估计,说明收集微风能具有一定的可行性,而且应该研制多方向压电振动能量收集结构。2、进行了悬臂梁式风致压电能量收集结构的WSYS仿真分析。实验对比了两种振动模式的压电能量收集效果,并针对在低频下有较好发电效果的方式进行了电能收集实验,通过3588-1芯片收集、薄膜电池CBC3112存储,有良好的效果,CBC3112的输出电压可以在5分钟内从2.06V上升到3.90 V。3、对标准能量收集电路、串联同步开关电感电路、并联同步开关电感电路和同步开关电荷电路进行了参数扫描分析,参数扫描分析可以得到不同负载情况下4种电路的电能收集情况,并联同步开关电感电路具有更高的收集效果；介绍了一种优化分析仿真方法,可以更加节省时间的优化电路中的元件参数,以得到更多的电能收集效果；考虑到风的振动随机性,用随机信号代替正弦信号对4种电路的功率收集效果进行了对比,发现同步开关电感电路的电能收集效果更好；提出了一种改进的并联同步开关电感电路,并进行了详细的分析,分析它的工作原理并进行了实验验证。4、进行了风致压电能量转换的系统实验与测试,结果说明本文所用的风速杯式压电能量收集装置可以在风速为3.5 m/s时启动产生电能,由于风速和风向的随机性较大,产生的电压也存在较大波动。风速杯可利用的风能经过击打压电片让压电片产生形变,再经过本文改进的并联同步开关电感收集电路和超级电容的存储,这个阶段的能量转化率达到14.5%。本文的研究结果为无线传感器网络自供电从森林微风能的角度提供了一种不同于以往电磁发电模式的新思路,为风致多方向压电能量收集的发展提供一定的技术基础。
[Abstract]:In the field of environmental monitoring, wireless sensor network technology has been vigorously promoted, if the node power supply problem can not be solved, then for a large number of sensor nodes to replace the battery is also a problem. Therefore, the problem of wireless sensor node self-supply in forest area has been paid more and more attention, and more research has been done to collect solar energy, wind energy, temperature difference energy and so on from the environment. This paper focuses on the way of collecting wind energy. Although the electromagnetic generator technology has been very mature, piezoelectric power generation has been paid attention to at home and abroad because of its good power generation performance, simple structure, easy to process and manufacture, etc. In this paper, wind energy is collected by wind speed cup piezoelectric energy collection, which provides support for the development of wind induced multi-direction piezoelectric energy collection. The research contents and results of this paper are as follows: 1, Analysis of forest wind characteristics, mainly based on wind speed and wind direction data observed at the entrance of Jiufeng Forest Farm. The distribution of wind speed and wind direction in each month can be obtained by wind rose map. Then the Weber wind speed probability density function and the Gao Si wind speed probability density function are fitted with the data. The Gao Si wind speed probability density function is more fitting. After the test, the Gao Si wind speed probability density function is selected to carry on the follow-up wind energy pre-estimation. It is shown that the collection of wind energy is feasible, and the multi-directional piezoelectric vibration energy collection structure .2should be developed, and the WSYS simulation analysis of the cantilever beam wind-induced piezoelectric energy collection structure is carried out. In this paper, the effects of piezoelectric energy collection in two vibration modes are compared, and the electric energy collection experiments are carried out in order to achieve good power generation effect at low frequency. The CBC3112 storage of thin film battery is achieved by the collection of 3588-1 chip. The output voltage of CBC3112 can rise from 2.06 V to 3.90 V. 3 in 5 minutes. The parameters of standard energy collection circuit, series synchronous switch inductor circuit, parallel synchronous switch inductance circuit and synchronous switch charge circuit are analyzed. The power collection of four circuits under different loads can be obtained by parameter scanning analysis, and the parallel synchronous switch inductor circuit has higher collection effect, and an optimization analysis and simulation method is introduced. It can save more time to optimize the component parameters in order to obtain more power collection effects. Considering the randomness of wind vibration, the power collection effects of four circuits are compared by replacing sinusoidal signals with random signals. It is found that the power collection effect of synchronous switch inductance circuit is better, and an improved parallel synchronous switch inductance circuit is proposed and analyzed in detail. The working principle of the device is analyzed and verified by experiment. Finally, the system experiment and test of wind induced piezoelectric energy conversion are carried out. The results show that the wind speed cup piezoelectric energy collection device used in this paper can generate electricity when the wind speed is 3.5 m / s. Because of the randomness of wind speed and wind direction, the generated voltage fluctuates greatly. The wind energy of the wind speed cup can be deformed by hitting the piezoelectric chip. After the improved parallel synchronous switch inductance collection circuit and the storage of the super capacitor, the energy conversion rate of this stage reaches 14.5%. The results of this paper provide a new idea for wireless sensor network self-supply from the point of view of forest breeze energy, which is different from the previous electromagnetic power generation mode, and provide a certain technical basis for the development of wind-induced multi-directional piezoelectric energy collection.
【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TP333

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