运动观测站测时无源定位新方法研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 10:29

  本文选题：到达时间 + 到达时间差　； 参考：《国防科学技术大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：利用运动观测站获取非合作辐射源位置信息的无源定位技术,在军用和民用领域有着广泛的应用。现代无源定位系统正向着高精度、网络化的方向发展,试图使用最小的载荷代价对辐射源实现高精度定位。基于信号到达时间(Time of Arrival,TOA)和到达时间差(Time Difference of Arrival,TDOA)等时域观测的定位体制,理论上单个观测站仅需要单通道接收就可完成TOA或者TDOA的测量,对辐射源信号的调制类型的适应能力强,可最大限度地降低定位系统对载荷的要求,是高精度无源定位系统的首选定位体制。围绕运动观测站测时定位问题,本文针对单个运动观测站和多个观测站基于时域量测对非合作辐射源定位的定位原理,定位方法和性能分析等展开研究,主要研究内容包括:第二章研究了单个和多个运动观测站测时无源定位模型。首先分析了利用运动单站或者运动多站无法同时检测信号的非共视条件下,对于非合作辐射源基于TOA定位,需要辐射源信号发射具有周期特性。然后基于辐射源的周期特性建立了运动单站TOA定位模型,同时分析了雷达及通信辐射源内蕴的辐射源周期特性,最后分析了基于该模型定位的可观测性。基于辐射源的周期特性建立了两种运动多站非共视TOA定位模型包括:以多个站各自测量的TOA作为时间基准的多时间基准异步TOA模型,和对所有TOA量测建立统一时间基准的统一时间基准异步TOA定位模型,分析了两种模型的可观测性。并分析了统一时间基准异步TOA定位模型,站间距较大产生的模型参数辨识模糊问题。第三章研究了基于周期特性的运动单站TOA定位问题,在给定表征TOA结构信息的模型参数条件下,推导了运动单站TOA定位的条件克拉美劳下限(Conditional Cramer-rao Lower Bound,C_CRLB)。从联合估计目标位置及周期的角度出发,提出了基于高斯牛顿(Gaussian Newton,GN)迭代的目标位置及周期联合估计的批处理方法以及双卡尔曼滤波(Kalman Filter,KF)结合高斯混合(Gaussian Mixture,GM)技术的联合滤波方法,两种方法在噪声较小时,可达到联合估计的C_CRLB。第四章研究了基于周期特性的运动多站非共视条件下异步TOA定位问题。针对多时间基准的运动多站非共视异步TOA定位问题,提出了列文伯格-马奎特(Leverberg-Marquardt,LM)迭代方法,该定位方法在定位的同时可利用多站的TOA观测实现周期的高精度估计。针对统一时间基准的运动多站非共视异步TOA定位问题,充分考虑了站间距过大带来的模型参数辨识模糊问题,考虑将目标位置空间网格化,从提高周期估计的角度,提出了基于多观测站TOA量测序列时延补偿的混合排序估计法(Time Delay Compensated Order,TDCO);从联合估计目标和周期的角度出发,提出了基于网格划分的多起始LM迭代(Grid-based Multiple Intialization LM,GB-LM);从运算量考虑角度考虑,提出了结合粒子群优化(Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO)及LM迭代(PSO-based LM,PSO-LM)等三种统一时间基准的异步TOA定位方法。三种方法都可实现对目标位置和周期的高精度估计。第五章研究了运动多站共视条件下TDOA定位解算方法。针对传统迭代方法运算量大存在收敛问题以及解析方法噪声门限高的缺陷,在分析了著名的两步最小二乘方法性能受限原因的基础上,提出了基于定位误差修正的TDOA解析定位方法,从理论上证明了该定位解算方法的统计有效性,并对该解析方法作了理论偏差分析。在分析了两步最小二乘定位方法在观测器误差条件下的理论偏差的基础上,将该解析定位方法推广至有传感器位置误差条件下的TDOA定位、TDOA/TDOA变化率定位问题中,表明该解析定位方法具有良好的拓展性,通过仿真对比了多种TDOA定位方法和本文方法的定位性能,验证了该解析定位方法的有效性。
[Abstract]:The passive location technology using the motion observation station to obtain the location information of non cooperative radiant sources is widely used in military and civil fields. The modern passive location system is developing in the direction of high precision and network, trying to use the minimum load cost to locate the radiation source with high precision. Based on the signal arrival time (Time of Arriva) L, TOA) and time difference (Time Difference of Arrival, TDOA) and other time-domain observation positioning systems. In theory, a single observation station only needs a single channel receiving to complete the measurement of TOA or TDOA, and is adaptable to the modulation type of the source signal, and can minimize the requirement of the positioning system to the load. It is a high precision passive determination. This paper focuses on the positioning principle, positioning method and performance analysis of a single motion observation station and multiple observation stations based on the time domain measurement. The main research contents include: the second chapter studies the single and multiple motion observation stations. The passive location model of time measurement is made. Firstly, the periodic characteristics of the radiant source signal are needed for the non cooperative radiant source based on the non co visual condition which can not be detected at the same time by the single station or the moving multi station. Then the TOA location model of the single station is established based on the periodic characteristics of the radiation source, and the TOA is also analyzed. Finally, the observability based on this model is analyzed. Based on the periodic characteristics of the radiant source, two kinds of multi station non conforming TOA positioning models are established, including the multi time datum asynchronous TOA model with the TOA as the time benchmark, and the construction of all TOA measurements. The unified time benchmarking asynchronous TOA positioning model is established, and the observability of the two models is analyzed. The unified time reference asynchronous TOA positioning model and the fuzzy problem of model parameter identification produced by the large station spacing are analyzed. The third chapter studies the TOA positioning problem of the single station based on the periodic characteristics, and is given a representation of the structure of the TOA structure. Under the model parameters of information, the conditional cramamore lower limit (Conditional Cramer-rao Lower Bound, C_CRLB) for the TOA positioning of a single station is derived. From the angle of joint estimation of the position and period of the target, a batch processing method based on the Gauss Newton (Gaussian Newton, GN) iteration of the target location and periodic joint estimation is proposed. Kalman Filter (Kalman Filter, KF) combined with the joint filtering method of Gauss mixing (Gaussian Mixture, GM) technology, two methods can reach joint estimation in the C_CRLB. fourth chapter, which can reach joint estimation in the lower noise, and study the problem of different step TOA positioning under the multi station non conforming condition based on periodic characteristics. In view of the asynchronous TOA positioning problem, a Lewen Berg Marquardt (Leverberg-Marquardt, LM) iterative method is proposed. The positioning method can be used to achieve high precision estimation of the cycle by using multi station TOA observations. In view of the uncommon asynchronous TOA fixed position problem of the unified time benchmark for moving multi station non co visual asynchronous TOA, the model brought about by the oversize of the station spacing is fully considered. The problem of parameter identification is fuzzy. Considering the grid of target location, a mixed sort estimation method (Time Delay Compensated Order, TDCO) based on the time delay compensation of multi observation station TOA measurement sequence is proposed from the angle of improving the period estimation. From the angle of joint estimation of target and period, the multiple starting LM superposition based on grid partition is proposed. Grid-based Multiple Intialization LM (GB-LM); from the angle of calculation, three unified time benchmarking methods are proposed, which combine particle swarm optimization (Particle Swarm Optimization, PSO) and LM iterations (PSO-based LM). The three methods can all achieve high precision estimation of the position and cycle of the target. Fifth In this paper, the method of TDOA location calculation under the condition of multi station common sight is studied. In view of the shortcomings of the traditional iterative method with large amount of convergence and the high noise threshold of the analytical method, based on the analysis of the reasons for the performance limitation of the famous two step least squares method, a TDOA analytical positioning method based on the correction of location error is proposed. The statistical validity of the method is proved theoretically and the theoretical deviation of the analytical method is analyzed. On the basis of the analysis of the theoretical deviation of the two step least squares location method under the observer error condition, the analytic positioning method is extended to the TDOA location under the condition of the sensor position error and the TDOA/TDOA change rate. The location problem shows that the analytical location method has good expansibility. The localization performance of various TDOA positioning methods and this method is compared through simulation, and the effectiveness of the analytical location method is verified.

【学位授予单位】：国防科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TN95
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本文编号：1892089