一种新型磁性液体惯性传感器的理论及实验研究

发布时间：2018-05-16 16:54

本文选题：磁性液体 + 传感器　；参考：《北京交通大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：将新型功能材料应用于传感器中是传感器技术发展的一个主要方向。磁性液体作为一种新型功能材料,兼具磁性和流动性,将其应用于传感器领域,利用其独特的性质可制作出新型的或性能独特的传感器,是磁性液体应用的重要领域之一。本文得到国家自然科学基金资助项目的资助,提出了一种新型的磁性液体惯性传感器并对其进行了理论和实验研究,主要研究工作如下:1、提出了一种新型磁性液体惯性传感器,由永磁体和铁芯组成复合芯体,依靠磁性液体实现其在圆管壳中的悬浮,复合芯体作为惯性质量,弹性回复力由磁斥力产生,阻尼力为传感器芯体移动时的空气阻力和磁性液体粘性阻力。2、研究了利用磁性液体将永磁体悬浮的特性:从理论上推导了磁性液体的表面张力及彻体力公式,浸没于磁性液体中的物体的受力公式,针对所设计的传感器结构以简化模型分析了悬浮力的机理;讨论了影响永磁体在圆管壳中悬浮的影响因素,采用观测及实验方法确定传感器芯体在圆管壳内的悬浮特性。3、研究了永磁体同名磁极间力学特性,推导了永磁体间磁斥力的计算公式。分别采用数值计算与实验测定方法得出了永磁体间磁斥力与其间距的特性曲线,给出了适合于传感器的工作区间。研究了传感器芯体位移检测方法,比较分析了已有的检测结构和方法,提出了更为合理的位移检测结构。分析了采用电感线圈检测芯体位移的机理和特性,以及影响检测精度的因素。分析了相应的转换电路原理,设计了信号转换及调理电路。4、研究了新型磁性液体惯性传感器用于倾角测量时的机理,建立了相应的数学模型,得到了其静态、动态响应,据此给出了用于倾角测量时的条件及静态灵敏度公式;研究了新型磁性液体惯性传感器用于加速度测量时的机理,建立了相应的数学模型,根据其动态响应给出了用于加速度测量时的工作条件。5、基于新型磁性液体惯性传感器模型,设计了两个传感器实验样机,分别采用基本型和改进型两种结构方案,在搭建的实验平台上针对实验样机进行了实验研究,获得了传感器的静态性能和动态性能,实验结果与理论分析结果相符,验证了传感器工作机理的正确性。
[Abstract]:The application of new functional materials in sensors is one of the main directions of sensor technology development. As a new type of functional material, magnetic liquid is both magnetic and fluidity. It is one of the important fields in the application of magnetic liquid to make a new type or unique performance sensor by using its unique properties. In this paper, supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, a new type of magnetic liquid inertial sensor is proposed and studied theoretically and experimentally. The main research work is as follows: 1. A new type of magnetic liquid inertial sensor is proposed. The composite core is composed of a permanent magnet and an iron core. It is suspended in a circular shell by a magnetic fluid. The composite core is used as the inertial mass, and the elastic recovery force is generated by the magnetic repulsion force. The damping force is the air resistance of the sensor core and the viscous resistance of the magnetic fluid. The characteristics of suspending the permanent magnet by using the magnetic fluid are studied. The surface tension and the penetrating force formula of the magnetic fluid are derived theoretically. In this paper, the mechanism of suspension force is analyzed for the sensor structure designed in order to simplify the model, and the influence factors on the suspension of permanent magnet in a circular shell are discussed. The levitation characteristics of the sensor core in the cylindrical shell are determined by observation and experimental methods. The mechanical properties of the magnetic poles of the permanent magnet with the same name are studied, and the formula for calculating the magnetic repulsion force between the permanent magnets is derived. The characteristic curves between the magnetic repulsion force and the distance between the permanent magnets are obtained by numerical calculation and experimental measurement, and the working range suitable for the sensors is given. The displacement detection method of sensor core is studied, the existing detection structure and method are compared and analyzed, and a more reasonable displacement detection structure is put forward. The mechanism and characteristics of detecting core displacement by inductor coil and the factors influencing the detection accuracy are analyzed. The principle of the corresponding conversion circuit is analyzed, the signal conversion and conditioning circuit .4 is designed, the mechanism of the new magnetic liquid inertial sensor used in the measurement of inclination angle is studied, the corresponding mathematical model is established, and the static and dynamic responses are obtained. Based on this, the condition and static sensitivity formula for the measurement of inclination angle are given, and the mechanism of the new magnetic liquid inertial sensor for acceleration measurement is studied, and the corresponding mathematical model is established. According to its dynamic response, the working conditions for acceleration measurement are given. Based on the new model of magnetic liquid inertial sensor, two experimental prototypes of the sensor are designed. The static and dynamic performances of the sensor are obtained on the experimental platform. The experimental results agree with the theoretical analysis results and verify the correctness of the working mechanism of the sensor.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TP212

【引证文献】