电视成像和制导用鱼眼镜头设计

发布时间：2018-05-20 19:31

本文选题：中央凹鱼眼镜头 + 紧凑型鱼眼镜头　；参考：《南京理工大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：具有实时成像的大视场、高分辨率紧凑型鱼眼物镜系统在先进的军事及民用领域有着重要的应用,特别是在安保以及目标跟踪/制导领域,超宽视场的监视系统不仅可以避免盲区,同时可以减少全方位追踪威胁的时间。传统镜头因视场有限,限制了其在许多场合的应用。尽管与传统镜头相比,现今包含鱼眼镜头在内的全景成像系统有诸多优点,但其仍存在许多不足,如在中心区域存在大范围的盲区或低分辨率区和相对复杂的设计要求。因此有必要研究更加简单紧凑,且具有超宽视场的成像物镜模型,以实现无盲区或低分辨率区的实时高分辨率成像。本文研究了可见光波段0.38μm-0.76μm波长范围内的鱼眼物镜系统的设计、特性分析及评价。文中采用了多种设计方法,提出了全新的中央凹光投影模型,该模型在不影响成像质量的前提下降低了系统设计难度。本文主要内容包括如下四部分:首先阐述了鱼眼物镜系统设计中的难点以及限制成像质量的主要因素。利用近轴光线追迹方程求解出鱼眼镜头的初始结构参数。设计了 F/4和F/3.75的两种全球面微型鱼眼镜头系统,其全视场均达到220°。利用ZEMAX光学设计软件对两种系统的成像质量进行了评估。结果表明,这两种高分辨率成像系统具有极好的亮度均匀性,并实现了颜色校正。提出了准对称初始结构的设计方法,该方法降低了鱼眼物镜系统的设计难度并提高了整个系统的成像质量。提出了紧凑型鱼眼镜头的设计方法和建模理论,并对系统的成像质量和公差进行了分析。所设计的F/2.8紧凑型鱼眼镜头的成像质量与百万像素级的电子成像仪相当。在超宽视场相机的设计中,光投影函数尤为重要。本文推导出了全新的超宽视场的投影函数,我们称之为中央凹鱼眼透镜模型。该模型建立了径向畸变和视场角之间的关系。针对投影的特性以及相关的设计结果与经典的等距鱼眼镜头投影函数进行对比,中央凹投影模型具有实时追踪、超宽视场成像的优点。通过ZEMAX软件中用户自定义的宏程序,利用简单的畸变控制设计了两个快速高分辨成像的中央凹鱼眼镜头系统,该系统的视场角达到170°,超过整个成像区域(视场)52%的中心区域无畸变。为了实现中央凹鱼眼镜头的校正和畸变图像的修正,对投影几何学中必要的理论进行了阐述。分析了一些校正强径向畸变的模型,并描述了该模型的优缺点。讨论了校正中央凹/传统的鱼眼镜头内部参数的方法。利用MATLAB程序生成不同的径向畸变仿真图像,模拟了中央凹鱼眼镜头校正模型和成像过程。在未进行其他校正的前提下,在整个畸变图像区域内,利用中央凹模型可以获得超过52%的高质量、无畸变的透视投影图像。无论鱼眼透镜是否进行畸变校正,所提出的中央凹鱼眼透镜模型更加适用于实时安保及多目标追踪/制导。本文提出的鱼眼物镜模型在飞速发展的超宽视场成像镜头及其最新应用领域有着重要作用,该模型简化了设计过程,提高了系统的紧凑性,并改善了实时成像质量。
[Abstract]:With the large field of view with real-time imaging, the high resolution compact fish eye lens system has an important application in the advanced military and civil fields. Especially in the security and target tracking / guidance field, the ultra wide field of view monitoring system can not only avoid blind area, but also reduce the time of omnidirectional tracking of threats. Limited, it restricts its application on many occasions. Although it has many advantages compared with the traditional lens, there are many advantages of the panoramic imaging system including the fish eye lens, but there are still many shortcomings, such as the wide blind area or low resolution zone in the central area and the relatively complex design requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to study more simple and compact. An imaging objective model with ultra wide field of view is used to realize real-time high resolution imaging without blind or low resolution regions. This paper studies the design, analysis and evaluation of the fish eye lens system in the wavelength range of 0.38 m-0.76 mu m in the visible light band. This model reduces the difficulty of the system design without affecting the imaging quality. The main contents of this paper include the following four parts: first, the difficulties in the design of the fish eye lens system and the main factors limiting the quality of the imaging are expounded. The initial structural parameters of the fish glasses are solved by using the near axis ray tracing equation. The F/4 and F/3.75 are designed. The total field of view of the two global microminiature fish eye lens system is 220 degrees. The imaging quality of the two systems is evaluated using the ZEMAX optical design software. The results show that the two high-resolution imaging systems have excellent luminance uniformity and color correction. A design method of quasi symmetric initial structure is proposed. The method reduces the design difficulty of the fish eye lens system and improves the imaging quality of the whole system. The design method and modeling theory of the compact fish eye lens are put forward, and the imaging quality and tolerance of the system are analyzed. The image quality of the F/2.8 compact fish eye lens is equivalent to the megapixel electronic imager. In the design of the ultra wide field camera, the light projection function is particularly important. This paper derives a new projection function of the ultra wide field of view. We call it the central concave fish eye lens model. The model establishes the relationship between the radial distortion and the field angle. In contrast, the central concave projection model has the advantages of real-time tracking and ultra wide field of view imaging. Through the user defined macro program in ZEMAX software, two fast and high resolution imaging system of the central concave fish eye lens is designed by simple distortion control. The field angle of the system reaches 170 degrees, exceeding the entire imaging area (field of view) 52%. In order to correct the correction of the central concave fish eye lens and the correction of the distorted image, the necessary theory in the projective geometry is expounded. Some models for correcting the strong radial distortion are analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of the model are described. The method of correcting the internal parameters of the central concave / traditional fish eye lens is discussed. The use of M is used. The ATLAB program generates different radial distortion simulation images, and simulates the correction model and the imaging process of the central concave fish eye lens. Under the premise of no other correction, more than 52% of the high quality, undistorted view projection images can be obtained by using the central concave model in the whole distorted image region. Whether the lens is distorted or not, the distortion can be distorted. The proposed model of the central concave fish eye lens is more suitable for real-time security and multi target tracking / guidance. The fish eye lens model proposed in this paper plays an important role in the rapid development of ultra wide field of view lens and its latest application fields. This model simplifies the design process, improves the compact of the system, and improves the real-time performance. It's like quality.
【学位授予单位】：南京理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TP391.41

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