低功耗有损网络可靠传输技术研究

发布时间：2018-05-24 06:54

本文选题：低功耗有损网络 + 降低能耗　；参考：《电子科技大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：无线传感器网络、物联网、M2M[网络、移动社会网络等新兴网络的迅猛发展与广泛应用,将进一步推动信息技术渗透到人类活动的方方面面。然而,这些网络都面临着两个共同的问题：(1)通常工作在无线环境下,链路稳定性较差,具有较高的误码率：(2)网络中的无线节点通常使用电池供电,是能量受限的低功耗设备。具有以上特点的网络,可以统称为低功耗有损网络(Low-power and Lossy Network, LLN)。高误码率和低功耗给LLN网络带来了可靠性与节能之间的矛盾。一般而言,为了提高可靠性,数据传输过程中通常会增加数据冗余、增强差错恢复机制；而考虑到节能需求,则需要降低数据冗余,减少数据传输次数。考虑到LLN网络常见的应用领域,这两者不能做简单的取舍。数据传输可靠率过低,可能导致业务中断,这在某些应用领域(如军事侦察、实时监测、医疗看护等)可能带来严重的后果。另一方面,能耗过高,可能导致节点和网络提前失效,使得业务彻底中断。因此,研究兼顾节能需求的LLN网络可靠传输技术,具有重要的意义。LLN网络中的数据,根据所携带信息的特点可以分成多种类型,其中最具典型性的有两种：(1)数量众多的常规数据。这类数据往往包含诸如温度、湿度、血压、短文本等短信息,数据数量众多,但每个数据所封装而成的报文长度都较短。这类数据对可靠性有较高的要求,但是对时延的容忍度较为宽松。(2)体量巨大的实时多媒体数据。LLN网络中另一类非常重要的应用是实时多媒体应用,如实时音/视频监控、视频会议等。这类数据信息量大、占用网络资源多、对时延要求高,但是对数据的丢失容忍度高于普通常规数据。这两类数据特征鲜明、需求相反,需要分别考虑。目前已经存在大量关于节能和增强数据可靠性的研究。但是,这些研究中很大一部分是单独针对节能或者可靠性进行的,不能直接应用于LLN网络；还有一部分研究将节能与可靠性进行了结合,但往往基于某种具体场景,无法适应LLN网络应用类型多变化、网络架构差异化、数据类型多样化的特征。因此,本论文结合不同数据类型的特点,以提高数据可靠性、降低能耗为目标,兼顾网络架构与应用特点,进行了如下研究：(1)针对数量众多的常规数据,结合其数据短、报文多的特点,采用自动请求重传(Auto Retransmission reQuest, ARQ)机制保证其可靠性需求。分别针对树状网络结构和平面网络结构,对传统的ARQ机制进行了改进,提出了低开销高能效ARQ算法与分段ARQ算法,在保证高可靠性的同时降低了ARQ机制带来的能量开销。本文对ARQ机制的改进,打破了传统ARQ中相关功能节点固化的限制,形成了可以灵活选择差错检查节点、重传请求发起节点及处理节点的动态ARQ系统,并且从理论和应用效果上进行了分析与验证。(2)针对体量巨大的实时多媒体数据,考虑到其实时性要求高、报文的丢失容忍度互不相同、占用网络资源多等特点,研究如何利用最少的信道资源(给定信道带宽),在给定时延约束下保证实时流的有效传输。在不同的擦除模型下,提出了其信道传输能力上限,形成了一套比较完整的RST (Real-time Stream Transmission,实时流传输)容量理论体系,并设计了高效的纠错编码机制,以最少的信道资源和传输代价,达到理论传输能力上限。(3)为了进一步提高数据发送成功率,改善网络中报文转发的效率,并减少网络中冗余报文的数量、降低数据冲突概率,本文使用费马点理论建立了r-费马域,设计了基于费马点与费马域的联合路由算法,同时提出了事件发生预测与修正模型,形成基于事件预测的报文减缓机制,在提高数据传输成功概率的同时,降低了网络能耗与节点能耗。与此同时,本论文对所有新提出的理论模型和算法/协议都进行了理论分析和/或仿真比较,对其正确性和有效性进行了验证。
[Abstract]:The rapid development and wide application of wireless sensor networks, Internet of things, M2M[network, mobile social network and other emerging networks will further promote the infiltration of information technology into all aspects of human activities. However, these networks are facing two common problems: (1) generally working in wireless environment, the link stability is poor and has a higher level. The bit error rate: (2) the wireless nodes in the network usually use battery power and are low power devices with limited energy. The network with the above features can be referred to as Low-power and Lossy Network (LLN). High bit error rate and low power consumption bring the contradiction between reliability and energy saving to LLN network. Generally speaking, In the process of data transmission, data redundancy is usually increased and error recovery is enhanced. Considering the demand for energy saving, data redundancy and data transmission are reduced. Considering the common application areas of LLN network, the two can not make simple trade-offs. The reliability of data transmission is too low and may lead to business interruption. This may bring serious consequences in some applications, such as military reconnaissance, real-time monitoring, medical care and so on. On the other hand, the high energy consumption may lead to the early failure of nodes and networks and make the business completely disrupted. Therefore, it is important to study the reliable transmission technology of LLN network with energy saving requirements, which is of great significance to the data in the.LLN network. According to the characteristics of the information carried, the most typical of them are two types: (1) a large number of conventional data. Such data often contain short information such as temperature, humidity, blood pressure, short text and so on, but the number of data is very large, but each data is encapsulated in a shorter length. This kind of data has a higher reliability. The tolerance of time delay is more relaxed. (2) the other very important applications of real time multimedia data.LLN network with huge volume are real-time multimedia applications, such as real time audio / video monitoring, video conferencing, etc. this kind of data has large amount of data, takes up more network resources, and requires high delay, but the tolerance to data is lost. Higher than conventional data. These two types of data are characterized by distinct features and need to be considered separately. A large number of studies have already existed on energy saving and reliability enhancement. However, a large part of these studies are aimed at energy saving or reliability, and can not be used directly for LLN networks; and part of the research will be carried out. It can be combined with reliability, but often based on some specific scene, it can not adapt to the variety of LLN network application type, the network architecture is different, and the data types are diversified. Therefore, this paper combines the characteristics of different data types to improve the data reliability, reduce the energy consumption as the goal, and take into account the network architecture and application characteristics. The following research is as follows: (1) in view of the large number of conventional data, with its short data and more messages, the Auto Retransmission reQuest (ARQ) mechanism is used to ensure its reliability requirements. The traditional ARQ mechanism is improved for the tree network structure and the plane network structure, and the low overhead and high-energy efficiency A is proposed. The RQ algorithm and the segmented ARQ algorithm reduce the energy cost of the ARQ mechanism while guaranteeing high reliability. In this paper, the improvement of the ARQ mechanism has broken the restriction of the curing of the related functional nodes in the traditional ARQ, and formed a dynamic ARQ system which can choose the error checking node, retransmit the request for node and handle nodes, and from the theory And the application results are analyzed and verified. (2) in view of the real-time multimedia data with huge volume, considering the high requirement of the real time, the loss tolerance of the message is different and the network resources are occupied, how to use the least channel resources (the given channel bandwidth) to ensure the effective transmission of the real-time flow under the time delay constraint. Under different erasure models, the upper limit of channel transmission capacity is put forward, a complete set of RST (Real-time Stream Transmission, real-time flow transmission) capacity theory system is formed, and an efficient error correcting coding mechanism is designed, with the minimum channel resource and transmission cost to reach the upper limit of theoretical transmission capacity. (3) for further study In order to improve the success rate of data transmission, improve the efficiency of message forwarding in the network, reduce the number of redundant messages in the network and reduce the probability of data conflict, this paper uses ferma point theory to establish the r- ferma domain, designs a joint routing algorithm based on ferma point and ferma domain, and presents a prediction and correction model of event occurrence, which is based on the formation of the event occurrence prediction and correction model. The message mitigation mechanism of event prediction reduces network energy consumption and node energy consumption while improving the probability of data transmission success. At the same time, this paper makes a theoretical analysis and / or simulation comparison of all the new theoretical models and algorithms / protocols, and verifies the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed theory.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TN919.3

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