无线通信系统中小型化MIMO天线的研究与设计

发布时间：2018-05-29 05:20

本文选题：MIMO天线 + 微带天线　；参考：《电子科技大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：随着无线通信技术的快速发展,一方面人们对数据传输速率、通信质量、信道容量的要求越来越高,另一方面无线通信设备的尺寸越来越小、功能越来越多。MIMO技术作为目前无线通信领域的关键技术之一,能在不额外增加频谱资源和发射功率的情况下,成倍的提高信道容量、抑制信道衰落、改善通信质量、提高系统的数据传输率;而小型化、高隔离度的MIMO天线则保证了MIMO技术能顺利的应用在小尺寸的无线通信设备中。本文研究和设计了分别应用于WLAN无线通信系统、移动通信系统和UWB无线通信系统的小型化、高隔离度的MIMO天线,并进行了详细的仿真和分析,最后对这些天线进行了加工和测试,取得了良好的效果。本文的研究内容主要包括以下几个方面:1.研究和设计了一款小型双频双带线MIMO天线。该天线使用弯折单极子天线和一条耦合金属带来减小天线尺寸、辐射工作频带;使用一个I型地板枝节作为隔离结构来提高天线的隔离度,改善阻抗匹配。研究和分析了各辐射部分和I型地板隔离结构对天线性能的影响,最终的仿真和测试结果得到了很好的吻合,适用于WLAN无线通信系统。2.研究和设计了一款小型双频微带缝隙MIMO天线。该天线通过在微带天线的地板上蚀刻一个倒L型的缝隙进行辐射来增加工作带宽,成功使天线得到了小型化。同时再使用一个地板矩形槽作为隔离结构,进一步降低天线的耦合,提高天线的隔离度。讨论了单极子天线和槽结构各参数对天线性能的影响,加工和测试结果表明该小型双频MIMO天线性能良好,同样适用于WLAN无线通信系统。3.研究和设计了一款极化可重构天线。针对一般的极化可重构天线阻抗带宽和轴比带宽窄的特点,提出了阶梯型缺陷地微扰结构,并研究了其对天线性能的影响;同时将作为开关的PIN二极管放置于地板上的设计可以省去其偏置电路的交直隔离网络,大大简化天线设计的复杂度。测试结果表明该天线工作在WLAN2.4 GHz频段,可以在线极化、左旋圆极化和右旋圆极化之间进行重构,对比功能类似的天线,其阻抗带宽和轴比带宽都有大幅提升。4.研究和设计了一款用于手机等移动通信设备的MIMO天线。该天线在弯折单极子天线的基础上添加了一条短路金属带来扩大工作频段;两个倒C型的地板枝节被引入到单元天线之间作为隔离结构,并对其起到的效果进行了研究和分析。测试结果显示该天线在拥有小尺寸辐射单元的同时,保持了宽带和低耦合的良好性能,可以用于大部分2G、3G、4G频段和部分其他移动通信系统。5.研究和设计了一款小型化的三阻带UWB-MIMO天线。在分析了半切法对UWB单极子天线小型化的效果的基础上,设计了一款半切UWB-MIMO天线;在研究了T型地板枝节对天线的影响之后,使用其作为隔离结构成功实现了对该天线的小型化和高隔离。针对UWB系统需要滤波功能的要求,使用2个槽结构得到了三个互相独立的阻带频段,仿真和测试结果表明这三个阻带频段完全覆盖目标频段,达到设计目的。同时天线辐射性能良好,适用于UWB系统。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, on the one hand, the demand for data transmission rate, communication quality and channel capacity is becoming higher and higher. On the other hand, the size of wireless communication devices is becoming smaller and smaller. As one of the key technologies in the field of wireless communication, more and more functions of.MIMO can not be added to the spectrum resources and transmission. In the case of power, the channel capacity is multiplied, the channel fading is suppressed, the communication quality is improved, and the data transmission rate of the system is improved, while the miniaturized and high isolation MIMO antenna ensures that the MIMO technology can be successfully applied in the small size wireless communication equipment. This paper has studied and designed the WLAN wireless communication system and the mobile system, respectively. The miniaturization of the communication system and the UWB wireless communication system, the high isolation MIMO antenna, and the detailed simulation and analysis. Finally, these antennas are processed and tested, and good results have been obtained. The main contents of this paper include the following aspects: 1. the research and design of a small dual band double band line MIMO antenna. The line uses a flexural monopole antenna and a coupled metal to reduce the size of the antenna and radiate the working frequency band. A I type floor branch is used as an isolating structure to improve the isolation of the antenna and improve the impedance matching. The effects of the radiation parts and the I type floor isolation structure on the antenna performance are studied and analyzed, and the final simulation and test junctions are also analyzed. The result is very good agreement. It is suitable for the WLAN wireless communication system.2. to study and design a small double frequency microstrip slot MIMO antenna. The antenna is irradiated by etching an inverted L slot on the floor of the microstrip antenna to increase the working bandwidth, and the antenna is miniaturized. For the isolation structure, the coupling of the antenna and the isolation of the antenna are further reduced. The effects of the monopole antenna and the parameters of the slot structure on the antenna performance are discussed. The processing and test results show that the small dual frequency MIMO antenna has good performance. It is also suitable for the research and design of a polarization reconfigurable antenna for the WLAN wireless communication system.3.. In general, the impedance bandwidth of the Polarization Reconfigurable Antenna and the narrow axis ratio band are wide, and the stepped defect ground perturbation structure is proposed and its influence on the performance of the antenna is studied. At the same time, the design of the PIN diode as the switch on the floor can save the bias circuit's direct isolation network and greatly simplify the complexity of the antenna design. The test results show that the antenna works in the WLAN2.4 GHz band, which can be polarized on line, left circular polarization and right circular polarization. Compared to the antenna with similar function, the impedance bandwidth and the axial ratio bandwidth have a large increase in.4. research and design a MIMO antenna for mobile phone and other mobile communication devices. A short circuit metal is added to the antenna to expand the frequency band on the basis of the subantenna, and the two inverted C type floor branches are introduced to the unit antenna as an isolating structure, and the effect of the antenna is studied and analyzed. The test results show that the antenna maintains a broadband and low coupling good while having small size radiation units. Good performance can be used in most 2G, 3G, 4G band and some other mobile communication systems.5. to study and design a miniaturized three band UWB-MIMO antenna. Based on the analysis of the effect of the semi cut method to the miniaturization of the UWB monopole antenna, a semi cut UWB-MIMO line is designed. The influence of the T type floor branch to the antenna is studied. After using it as a isolation structure, the antenna is successfully miniaturized and isolated. In view of the requirement of the filter function of the UWB system, three independent band band bands are obtained by using 2 slot structures. The simulation and test results show that the three band bands are completely covered by the target frequency band, and the design purpose is achieved. Simultaneously, the antenna radiation is achieved. Good performance, suitable for UWB system.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TN820;TN92

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