谐振式光纤陀螺偏振噪声研究
发布时间:2018-06-13 15:43
本文选题:谐振式光纤陀螺 + 相位调制技术 ; 参考:《浙江大学》2016年博士论文
【摘要】:陀螺仪是用于测量载体旋转角速度的一种惯性传感器。基于Sagnac效应的光纤陀螺具有全固态结构,抗震动冲击、灵敏度高、动态范围大的优点。谐振式光纤陀螺(Resonantor Fiber Optic Gyroscope, RFOG)以光纤谐振腔为核心敏感元件,利用光在谐振腔内多次传输增强Sagnac效应,和成熟的干涉式光纤陀螺相比,RFOG利用较短的敏感光纤就能实现较高的检测精度,在小型化和集成化上具有明显优势。针对长期制约RFOG稳定性提高的偏振波动噪声,论文采用特殊光纤包括单偏振光纤(Single-Polarization Fiber, SPF)和保偏空芯光子晶体带隙光纤(Hollow-Core Photonic Bandgap Fiber, HC-PBF)研制谐振腔,利用琼斯矩阵方法建立了SPF混合谐振腔偏振特性分析模型,优化设计了混合谐振腔结构,提高了偏振波动噪声抑制效果;在保偏HC-PBF混合谐振腔中,则着重分析了谐振腔内两种不同光纤端面强反射特性对RFOG输出波动的影响。具体来说,论文的主要创新工作包括如下三个方面:(1)正弦相位调制技术被广泛应用于RFOG,论文着重对施加在相位调制器上的正弦信号调制频率进行了优化。针对两种不同结构的光纤谐振腔(反射式和透射式),利用数学推导得到了谐振点处解调曲线斜率的解析表达式;绘制了解调斜率和调制频率之间的关系曲线,得到了最大解调斜率所对应的最佳调制频率,相比于原有采用洛伦兹近似得到的最佳调制频率,优化后的调制频率能够将解调曲线斜率提高近1倍;搭建了实际RFOG系统,对上述仿真结果进行了具体的实验验证。(2)为了在更大温度范围内减小偏振波动对RFOG检测精度的影响,论文提出了一种基于普通保偏光纤耦合器和SPF构成的混合谐振腔技术。基于琼斯矩阵的方法,计算分析了各种不同谐振腔中的偏振波动噪声,研究发现,2次90°偏振轴旋转熔接的全对称混合谐振腔,在相同器件参数条件下,偏振波动影响最小;兼顾清晰度和谐振峰值两个指标,优化设计了谐振腔结构参数,谐振腔测试清晰度为14.7,1.3 mW入腔功率下,RFOG理论灵敏度为0.32°/h;仿真结果显示,100℃的温度波动,带来的偏振噪声约0.29°/h,相比于课题组前期提出的2次900偏振轴旋转熔接的起偏腔,偏振波动噪声降低了29倍;将上述全对称SPF混合谐振腔应用于实际RFOG系统,测试到的陀螺最小摆动信号为±0.001°/s,1200s测试时间,零偏稳定性为0.3°/h,随机游走系数为0.08°/(?);进一步的温度特性测试表明,20分钟时间,当谐振腔温度从15-C变化到27-C时,RFOG输出偏置保持稳定。(3)为了从误差产生根源上减小三大光学噪声影响,论文采用一个普通保偏光纤耦合器和一段长约10米的保偏HC-PBF直接熔接,构成了一个反射式HC-PBF混合谐振腔。兼顾清晰度和谐振深度两个指标,优化设计了HC-PBF混合谐振腔,测试清晰度和谐振深度分别为6.67和0.3246;利用传递函数的方法,对混合谐振腔内的两种不同光纤熔接点处的端面反射特性进行了建模分析和实验测试,研究发现,混合谐振腔内奇数次背向反射噪声和普通保偏光纤谐振腔中的瑞利背散射噪声影响类似,可以用载波抑制方法得到减小,然而偶数次反射光波和原信号光叠加在一起,影响了此种陀螺的短期精度;将HC-PBF混合谐振腔应用于实际RFOG,1小时测试时间,1s积分时间下,输出波动峰峰值为0.344°/s,和其100s的短期测试结果0.3°/s相接近。由此可知,目前采用HC-PBF混合谐振腔作为核心敏感元件的RFOG,其检测精度主要受限于短期噪声影响,对RFOG输出结果作Allan方差分析,零偏稳定性为0.007°/s。总之,在缺少成熟的低损耗SPF以及HC-PBF耦合器的情况下,论文采用普通保偏光纤耦合器和SPF、HC-PBF直接熔接的方法研制谐振腔。初步研究表明,研制的SPF混合谐振腔,在更大温度波动范围内,表现出了较好的偏振稳定性;基于HC-PBF谐振腔上得到0.007°/s的零偏稳定性,则是同类研究中得到的最好的陀螺测试结果。
[Abstract]:The optical fiber gyroscope based on Sagnac effect has the advantages of full solid structure , anti - vibration shock , high sensitivity and large dynamic range .
In the polarization - maintaining HC - PBF hybrid resonant cavity , the influence of the strong reflection characteristics of two different fiber end faces in the resonant cavity on the output fluctuation of the RGs is emphatically analyzed . In particular , the main innovations of the thesis include the following three aspects : ( 1 ) the sinusoidal phase modulation technique is widely used in the RGs , the paper mainly focuses on the optimization of the sinusoidal signal modulation frequency applied to the phase modulator . According to the two different structures of the optical fiber resonant cavity ( reflective and transmissive ) , the analytical expression of the slope of the demodulation curve at the resonance point is obtained by mathematical derivation ;
The best modulation frequency corresponding to the maximum demodulation slope is obtained by drawing the relation curve between the modulation slope and the modulation frequency , and the optimized modulation frequency can increase the slope of the demodulation curve by nearly 1 times compared with the original optimal modulation frequency obtained by using the Lorentz approximation ;
( 2 ) In order to reduce the influence of polarization fluctuation on the accuracy of RGs detection in a wider temperature range , a hybrid resonant cavity based on common polarization maintaining fiber coupler and SPF is presented . Based on Jones matrix , the polarization fluctuation noise in various resonant cavities is calculated and analyzed .
According to both the definition and the resonance peak , the resonator structure parameters are optimized . The resonant cavity test clarity is 14.7 and 1.3 mW input cavity power , and the theoretical sensitivity of the RGs is 0.32 掳 / h ;
The simulation results show that the polarization noise caused by the temperature fluctuation of 100 鈩,
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