典型道路背景下目标红外隐身技术理论和实验研究

发布时间：2018-06-19 20:34

本文选题：红外隐身 + 典型道路　；参考：《中国科学技术大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：随着红外探测技术的发展,红外探测设备空间和光谱分辨率持续提升,目标红外隐身面临日益严峻的考验。未来目标红外隐身的有效手段将是使得目标与背景的红外辐射特征相同,也即在红外光谱发射率相同的前提下两者的实际温度要实时相同。为此本文理论和实验研究了典型道路背景下表面辐射性质相同时如何通过调节目标的物性使得其与背景的表面温度实时相等,从而实现目标的红外隐身。首先通过红外热像仪测量原理的讨论,获得了目标红外隐身的技术要求。从理论上说明了使得目标和背景红外特征相同的有效手段是保证两者在红外探测设备响应波段内的光谱性质相同且表面实际温度实时相等。此后基于目标和典型道路背景的一维传热模型,研究了周期性环境条件下在目标和典型道路背景表面辐射性质相同时目标的红外隐身。借助数值计算和理论分析手段阐述了仿真材料和道路表面温差与二者厚度和物性的关系,并讨论了几种典型材料在日周期环境下的应用效果,评估其相对优劣。研究结果表明,周期性环境条件下,仿真材料和道路的表面温差与二者的无量纲厚度和热惯量密切相关。仿真材料无量纲厚度不小于1时,其温度分布仅取决于其热惯量,热惯量一定时,其上表面温度不变,也即此时仿真材料和道路的表面温差不随仿真材料导热系数或体积比热容而变化。仿真材料无量纲厚度小于1时,其温度分布同时受到其热惯量和无量纲厚度的制约,或者说仿真材料和道路的表面温差与仿真材料热惯量和无量纲厚度有关,且此时若仿真材料满足集总热容条件,则二者表面温差取决于仿真材料热惯量与无量纲厚度的乘积,也即取决于仿真材料的体积比热容。此外,若混凝土层和仿真材料无量纲厚度均不小于1,且热惯量相等时,二者温度分布相同,表面温度相等。上述结论适用于任何地域、任何周期性环境条件,对仿真材料表面温度控制具有重要的指导意义。此外,还发现相变材料的应用效果要远优于非相变材料,在保证仿真材料和道路表面温差不变的前提下,应用相变材料可以使得仿真材料更薄、更轻。最后利用仿真分析和实验验证研究了相变材料在目标红外隐身中应用效果。通过I-DEAS软件建模分析了简化平板模型和典型目标中采用相变材料的实际应用效果,得到了不同地域和环境条件下使得三个典型目标与多种背景(混凝土道路、沥青道路、草地)相融的基于相变材料的热防护方案,并通过实验验证了理论分析结果。
[Abstract]:With the development of infrared detection technology, the spatial and spectral resolution of infrared detection equipment has been continuously improved, and the infrared stealth of the target is facing a severe test day by day. In the future, the effective method of infrared stealth will be to make the infrared radiation characteristics of the target and the background the same, that is to say, the actual temperature of the target and the background should be the same in real time under the premise of the same infrared spectral emissivity. Therefore, this paper theoretically and experimentally studies how to adjust the physical properties of the target to make it equal to the background surface temperature in real time when the surface radiation property of the typical road is the same, so that the infrared stealth of the target can be realized. Firstly, through the discussion of the measuring principle of infrared thermal imager, the technical requirements of infrared stealth of target are obtained. It is theoretically explained that the effective way to make the infrared characteristics of the target and background the same is to ensure the same spectral properties and the real temperature of the surface in the response band of the infrared detection equipment. Then, based on the one-dimensional heat transfer model of target and typical road background, the infrared stealth of target is studied under the condition of periodic environment when the radiation property of target and typical road background surface is the same. By means of numerical calculation and theoretical analysis, the relationship between the thickness and physical properties of simulated materials and road surface temperature difference is expounded, and the application effects of several typical materials in the daily periodic environment are discussed, and the relative advantages and disadvantages of these materials are evaluated. The results show that the surface temperature difference of simulation materials and roads is closely related to their dimensionless thickness and thermal inertia under periodic environment. When the dimensionless thickness of the simulation material is not less than 1, the temperature distribution depends only on its thermal inertia. When the thermal inertia is constant, the upper surface temperature will not change. In other words, the surface temperature difference between the simulated material and the road does not change with the thermal conductivity or volume specific heat capacity of the simulation material. When the dimensionless thickness of simulation material is less than 1, its temperature distribution is restricted by its thermal inertia and dimensionless thickness, or the surface temperature difference of simulation material and road is related to the thermal inertia and dimensionless thickness of simulation material. If the simulation material satisfies the lumped heat capacity condition, the surface temperature difference depends on the product of the thermal inertia and dimensionless thickness of the simulation material, that is, the volume specific heat capacity of the simulation material. In addition, if the dimensionless thickness of concrete layer and simulation material is not less than 1, and the thermal inertia is equal, the temperature distribution is the same and the surface temperature is equal. The above conclusions are applicable to any region and any periodic environmental conditions, and have important guiding significance for the control of surface temperature of simulated materials. In addition, it is found that the application effect of phase change material is much better than that of non-phase change material, and the application of phase change material can make the material thinner and lighter under the premise of keeping the temperature difference of simulation material and road surface constant. Finally, the application effect of phase change material in target infrared stealth is studied by simulation analysis and experimental verification. Through I-DEAS software modeling, the practical application effect of phase change material in simplified plate model and typical target is analyzed. Three typical targets and various backgrounds (concrete road, asphalt road) are obtained under different regional and environmental conditions. The theoretical analysis results are verified by experiments.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：E933;TN976

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