移动通信天线关键技术研究
发布时间：2018-09-19 06:12
【摘要】：近些年来,移动通信技术得到了迅猛的发展,移动通信系统更新换代越来越快。不可避免的也对移动通信系统中的重要部件——天线提出了更多不同的需求,从而使得移动通信天线关键技术的研究成为了一个热门的研究课题。本文结合科研项目,围绕移动通信天线关键技术中的双极化天线、波束形成网络和新型宽带阵列天线开展研究工作。作者主要的研究内容包括以下几个方面：1、对双极化微带阵列天线进行了研究。以探针馈电的微带贴片天线形式为出发点,设计了两副双极化微带阵列天线。1)设计了一副宽频带的低剖面双极化微带天线单元,并组成8×1规模的阵列。该天线通过采用容性耦合槽和梯形渐变馈电片的馈电形式,实现了宽频带工作。2)在上述天线的基础上,设计了一副双频带的低剖面双极化微带天线单元,并组成4×1规模的阵列。该天线通过设计结构简单的反相功分器实现了差分馈电,改善了交叉极化比和端口间隔离度。这两副双极化微带阵列天线均具有低剖面的特性,能够很好的应用于移动通信系统的微基站中。2、对双极化偶极子天线进行了研究。以带反射板的交叉偶极子形式为出发点,设计了三副双极化偶极子天线。1)设计了一副可以覆盖2.32-4.03GHz频带的双极化偶极子天线。该天线通过采用基于开式套筒天线的平面重叠结构,实现了宽频带双极化工作。2)在上述天线的基础上,设计了一副2.4/5.8GHz的双频带双极化偶极子天线,该天线通过采用引入水平延伸的谐振环,解决了偶极子天线阻抗带宽和方向图带宽之间的矛盾关系,同时展宽了天线高频段的阻抗带宽。3)设计了一副可以覆盖1.7-3.8GHz频段的宽带双极化的偶极子天线。该天线通过引入垂直延伸的谐振环,进一步展宽了天线的阻抗带宽,并使得整个工作频段的方向图具有较好的一致性。上述三种双极化偶极子均具有宽频带／多频带的特性,可以同时覆盖移动通信系统中多个不同的频段。3、对波束形成网络进行了研究。1)针对移动通信系统对形成三个波束的需求,设计了一种3×3的正交波束形成网络,该波束形成网络可以同时形成3个正交波束,实现空间分集。2)针对移动通信系统对波束可重构的需求,设计了一种2x3的可重构波束形成网络,该可重构波束形成网络可以通过一个两位的移相器实现两种不同形态的双波束。3)针对移动通信中场景不同,对形成的波束数目有着不同的需求,提出了两种基于Givens矩阵变换设计任意正交波束数目的波束形成网络的综合方法,并采用仿真软件仿真验证设计方法的正确性。4、对基片集成波导馈电的微带串馈阵列天线进行了研究。1)设计了一副4×1微带串馈阵列天线。该阵列天线通过设计阵中每个单元的结构参数,突破了常规的波导缝隙串馈阵列天线阻抗带宽较窄的限制,实现了较宽的阻抗带宽。2)设计了宽频带的基片集成波导与标准矩形金属波导的转接器。该转换器通过采用多阶阶梯阻抗变换的结构,实现宽频带工作。3)采用上述4×1微带串馈阵列天线,组成4×8规模微带串馈阵列天线并采用上述的转换器实现标准矩形金属波导馈电。最后对上述4×8微带串馈阵列天线加工和测试验证。测试结果表明,该4×8规模微带串馈阵列天线能够覆盖24-26.5GHz的工作频段,并具有较高的增益。5、对双极化紧耦合阵列天线进行了研究。1)设计了基于周期边界的宽带双极化阵列单元,该双极化天线单元采用十字交叉偶极子结构,并在中心位置对两个交叉偶极子分别进行馈电。2)采用上述单元组成4×7规模的有限阵列。通过开路延伸、阻性加载和类脊波导处理三种措施,解决了双极化阵列天线从无限周期阵列到4×7规模的有限阵列过程中出现了边缘截断效应,从而使得4×7双极化阵列天线能够覆盖工作频段100-350MHz,并实现水平面相扫±45°时有源驻波比保持在3以下。3)设计了宽带阻抗变换器和宽带的一分四功分器。通过使用宽带的阻抗变换器给阵中的每个单元馈电,实现阻抗变换和平衡馈电的作用。通过使用宽带的一分四功分器,可以实现4×7双极化阵列天线的垂直维度上同极化的四个单元的等幅同相馈电。4)对该4×7双极化阵列天线进行了样机加工和测试,并对其仿真结果和测试结果进行了分析研究。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the mobile communication technology has been developed rapidly, and the mobile communication system has been updated more and more quickly. Inevitably, more and more different requirements have been put forward for the antenna, which is an important part of the mobile communication system. Therefore, the key technology of the mobile communication antenna has become a hot research topic. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. The dual-polarized microstrip array antenna is studied. The microstrip patch antenna fed by a probe is designed as a starting point. Two pairs of dual-polarized microstrip array antennas.1) A low-profile dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit with a wide bandwidth is designed and an array of 8 *1 size is formed. The dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit consists of a 4 *1 array. The antenna is fed differently by a simple inverse power divider, which improves the cross-polarization ratio and port separation. Both dual-polarized microstrip array antennas have the characteristics of low profile and can be well applied in the micro-base stations of mobile communication systems. In this paper, a bipolar dipole antenna is studied. Starting from the cross dipole with reflector, three pairs of bipolar dipole antennas are designed. 2) Based on the above antenna, a 2.4/5.8GHz dual-band dual-polarized dipole antenna is designed, which solves the contradiction between the dipole antenna impedance bandwidth and the pattern bandwidth by introducing a horizontal extended resonant loop, and widens the antenna impedance bandwidth in the high frequency band. A broadband bipolar dipole antenna covering 1.7-3.8 GHz band is designed. The antenna widens the impedance bandwidth of the antenna by introducing a vertically extended resonant ring and makes the pattern of the whole operating frequency band consistent. All the three dipoles have the characteristics of broadband/multiband and can be overlaid simultaneously. Beamforming network is studied in this paper. 1) A 3 *3 orthogonal beamforming network is designed to meet the need of three beams in mobile communication system. The beamforming network can form three orthogonal beams simultaneously to achieve spatial diversity. To meet the reconfigurable requirement, a 2x3 reconfigurable beamforming network is designed. The reconfigurable beamforming network can realize two different forms of two beams by a two-bit phase shifter. The synthesis method of beamforming networks with arbitrary number of orthogonal beams is presented. The correctness of the design method is verified by simulation software. 4. The microstrip series-fed array antenna fed by substrate integrated waveguide is studied. 1) A 4 *1 microstrip series-fed array antenna is designed. Breaking through the narrow impedance bandwidth limitation of conventional waveguide slot array antenna, a wider impedance bandwidth is achieved. 2) A broadband substrate integrated waveguide and a standard rectangular metal waveguide converter are designed. The converter works broadband by using a multi-step impedance transformation structure. 3) The 4 *1 microstrip series feed is used. The array antenna consists of a 4 *8 microstrip series-fed array antenna and is fed by a standard rectangular metal waveguide using the above-mentioned converter. Firstly, a broadband dual-polarized antenna array element based on periodic boundary is designed. The dual-polarized antenna element adopts cross-dipole structure and feeds the two cross-dipoles separately in the center position. Secondly, the finite array of 4 *7 size is composed of the above elements. Extension, resistive loading and ridge-like waveguide processing have solved the edge truncation effect in the process of bipolar array antenna from infinite periodic array to finite array of 4 *7 size. Thus, the 4 *7 bipolar array antenna can cover 100-350 MHz of the working frequency band and keep the active standing wave ratio at 3 when the horizontal phase sweep is (+45 degrees). 3) A broadband impedance converter and a broadband one-point-four-power divider are designed. By feeding each element of the array with a broadband impedance converter, the impedance transformation and balanced feeding can be achieved. By using a broadband one-point-four-power divider, four elements of a 4 *7 dual-polarized array antenna with the same polarization in the vertical dimension can be realized. The prototype of the 4 *7 bipolar array antenna is fabricated and tested. The simulation results and test results are analyzed and studied.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TN828.6
[Abstract]:In recent years, the mobile communication technology has been developed rapidly, and the mobile communication system has been updated more and more quickly. Inevitably, more and more different requirements have been put forward for the antenna, which is an important part of the mobile communication system. Therefore, the key technology of the mobile communication antenna has become a hot research topic. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. The dual-polarized microstrip array antenna is studied. The microstrip patch antenna fed by a probe is designed as a starting point. Two pairs of dual-polarized microstrip array antennas.1) A low-profile dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit with a wide bandwidth is designed and an array of 8 *1 size is formed. The dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit consists of a 4 *1 array. The antenna is fed differently by a simple inverse power divider, which improves the cross-polarization ratio and port separation. Both dual-polarized microstrip array antennas have the characteristics of low profile and can be well applied in the micro-base stations of mobile communication systems. In this paper, a bipolar dipole antenna is studied. Starting from the cross dipole with reflector, three pairs of bipolar dipole antennas are designed. 2) Based on the above antenna, a 2.4/5.8GHz dual-band dual-polarized dipole antenna is designed, which solves the contradiction between the dipole antenna impedance bandwidth and the pattern bandwidth by introducing a horizontal extended resonant loop, and widens the antenna impedance bandwidth in the high frequency band. A broadband bipolar dipole antenna covering 1.7-3.8 GHz band is designed. The antenna widens the impedance bandwidth of the antenna by introducing a vertically extended resonant ring and makes the pattern of the whole operating frequency band consistent. All the three dipoles have the characteristics of broadband/multiband and can be overlaid simultaneously. Beamforming network is studied in this paper. 1) A 3 *3 orthogonal beamforming network is designed to meet the need of three beams in mobile communication system. The beamforming network can form three orthogonal beams simultaneously to achieve spatial diversity. To meet the reconfigurable requirement, a 2x3 reconfigurable beamforming network is designed. The reconfigurable beamforming network can realize two different forms of two beams by a two-bit phase shifter. The synthesis method of beamforming networks with arbitrary number of orthogonal beams is presented. The correctness of the design method is verified by simulation software. 4. The microstrip series-fed array antenna fed by substrate integrated waveguide is studied. 1) A 4 *1 microstrip series-fed array antenna is designed. Breaking through the narrow impedance bandwidth limitation of conventional waveguide slot array antenna, a wider impedance bandwidth is achieved. 2) A broadband substrate integrated waveguide and a standard rectangular metal waveguide converter are designed. The converter works broadband by using a multi-step impedance transformation structure. 3) The 4 *1 microstrip series feed is used. The array antenna consists of a 4 *8 microstrip series-fed array antenna and is fed by a standard rectangular metal waveguide using the above-mentioned converter. Firstly, a broadband dual-polarized antenna array element based on periodic boundary is designed. The dual-polarized antenna element adopts cross-dipole structure and feeds the two cross-dipoles separately in the center position. Secondly, the finite array of 4 *7 size is composed of the above elements. Extension, resistive loading and ridge-like waveguide processing have solved the edge truncation effect in the process of bipolar array antenna from infinite periodic array to finite array of 4 *7 size. Thus, the 4 *7 bipolar array antenna can cover 100-350 MHz of the working frequency band and keep the active standing wave ratio at 3 when the horizontal phase sweep is (+45 degrees). 3) A broadband impedance converter and a broadband one-point-four-power divider are designed. By feeding each element of the array with a broadband impedance converter, the impedance transformation and balanced feeding can be achieved. By using a broadband one-point-four-power divider, four elements of a 4 *7 dual-polarized array antenna with the same polarization in the vertical dimension can be realized. The prototype of the 4 *7 bipolar array antenna is fabricated and tested. The simulation results and test results are analyzed and studied.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TN828.6
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