明清时期徽州历史档案研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 06:06

本文选题：明清　切入点：时期　出处：《安徽大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文分析了明清时期徽州档案的众多方面：徽州档案的来源,指出其有政府机构档案和非政府机构档案之分；它们是在古徽州地方政府和普通民众在进行日常活动时形成的。这些档案在创建者保管下未被蓄意毁坏、篡改或因不明动机伪造。此外,它们的保管是不间断的。因此,它们是国内外研究者对古徽州社会各方面课题进行研究的真实、可靠的第一手资料。本文还研究了档案的价值和特征,尤其是档案(包括普通民众创建的档案)的普遍性,即大部分档案来自古徽州普通民众,它开启了中国历史编纂学的新趋势——使为普通民众编写历史成为可能,而不像以前多数史书一样倾向于记载精英阶层和被认为是在社会中扮演重要角色的团体。本文探讨了徽州档案和国内一全新、独立的学术领域——徽州的关系。如前文所述,徽州档案发现于上世纪五十年代,它们数量浩大,种类繁多,内容丰富,是研究古徽州人们生活各方面(包括徽州地方政府和普通民众问的交流互动)的更为全面的资料。没有这些内容丰富的资料,我们不可能全面了解徽州社会,徽学也不可能成为一门全新独立的学科。因此,徽州档案在一定程度上促成了徽学的诞生。档案馆、图书馆、博物馆和其他档案收藏机构通常被认为是信息研究中心。征集、系统整理、保护并为研究目的保管档案是它们的职责,鉴于此,本文也认真分析了明清时期档案收藏机构,介绍它们档案整理和分类方法及向社会开放的各种途径。档案是编写和重建历史的第一手资料。若不保存、保护档案,重建历史无从谈起。因此,本文还分析了分存于各档案机构的明清时期徽州档案的保存、保护情况。最后,本文还分析了档案利用情况和面临的主要问题。其中一个问题是提供档案服务的环境和氛围不佳。在中国,提供档案服务的环境还未成熟。档案服务往往限于内部员工,现在“重藏轻用”现象比较严重。因此,需要加强宣传此时为研究目的提供档案服务的益处,创建以用户为导向的档案服务氛围,有效提高档案利用率。档案保管机构应认识到保管档案的费用包括设备费用和人员工资,未利用或未充分利用档案资源也是一种损耗。本文还指出与数量庞大的明清时期档案相比,我们目前所做的档案处理和利用工作还远远不够。因此,需要为徽州档案收藏机构配置充足人力、设备,提供必要的资金,以提高其处理和利用档案的能力。另外,本文还指出了一些在档案收藏机构保管和安全设备问题方面所体现出的普遍性,信息技术的缺乏,本应一起保管的完整档案却散存于各地等问题。因此,应加强信息技术的有效应用,配置技能熟练的信息技术人员和必要的设备,落实并强化使用信息技术长久管理档案的机制。此外,本文还提及档案使用者较少这个问题,它是明清时期徽州档案收藏机构未充分利用档案资源的明证。这一问题主要是由于信息技术未得到有效使用和档案服务的不完善。因此,档案机构尤其需要提高以用户为导向的档案服务意识,加强信息技术的利用,以尽快解决这些普遍问题。
[Abstract]:This paper analyzes many aspects of Huizhou archives of the Ming and Qing Dynasties: the source of Huizhou archives, points out that the archives of government agencies and non-governmental organizations of the archives; they are in ancient Huizhou local government and the general public in their daily activities. These files are not in custody under the creator intentionally destroyed, altered or falsified by unknown motives. In addition, their custody is uninterrupted. Therefore, they are researchers at home and abroad to study all aspects of ancient Huizhou society subject is true, reliable first-hand information.
This paper also studies the value and characteristics of archives, especially files (including ordinary people to create the file) universality, that most of the archives from the ancient people of Huizhou, it opened a new trend of Chinese Historiography -- make it possible for ordinary people to write history, but unlike previous history as most tend to record the elite class and is considered to play an important role in social groups.
This paper discusses the Huizhou archives and a new relationship between the domestic academic field, independent of Huizhou. As mentioned earlier, the Huizhou files found in the last century in 50s, their number is huge, wide variety, rich in content, is the study of ancient Huizhou people all aspects of life (including the interaction of Huizhou local government and the general public to ask). More comprehensive information. Without these rich data, we can not fully understand the society of Huizhou, Huizhou is not likely to become a new independent discipline. Therefore, Huizhou contributed to the birth of Huizhou file to a certain extent.
Archives, libraries, museums and other archives collections are generally considered to be the research center. Information collection, collation system, protect and keep the archives for the purpose of the study is their job, in view of this, this paper also analyzes the Ming and Qing Dynasties archives collections, introduces their filing and classification methods and various ways of opening to the society.
Archives are the first-hand materials for compiling and rebuilding history. If we don't save, we can't protect archives and rebuild history. Therefore, this paper also analyzes the preservation and protection of archives in Huizhou during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Finally, this paper also analyzes the archives utilization and the main problems. One problem is to provide archives service environment and poor atmosphere. In China, provide the archives service environment is not mature. The archives service tends to be limited to internal staff, now "hidden light" phenomenon is more serious. Therefore, we need to strengthen the publicity at this time for the purpose to provide file service benefits, create a user oriented file service atmosphere, effectively improve the utilization of archives. Archives institutions should recognize the record keeping costs include the cost of equipment and staff wages, unused or underutilized archival resources is also a kind of loss.
This paper also points out that compared with the large number of Ming and Qing Dynasty archives, we currently do file processing and utilization is not enough. Therefore, a need for the Huizhou institutions allocating sufficient manpower, equipment archives, to provide the necessary funds to improve the processing and utilization of archives.
In addition, this paper also pointed out the universality reflected in some aspects of archives institutions for safekeeping and safety equipment problems, lack of information technology, the complete file should be kept together but scattered in all other issues. Therefore, we should strengthen the effective application of information technology, the allocation of skilled technical personnel and necessary information equipment, implement and strengthen the mechanism of using information technology long file management.
In addition, this paper also mentioned the archives users less this problem, it is the archives of Huizhou during the Ming and Qing Dynasties collection agencies did not make full use of archives resources. Evidence of this problem is mainly due to the information technology has not been effectively used and the archives service is not perfect. Therefore, archives institutions especially need to improve the user oriented archives service consciousness, strengthen the use of information technology, in order to solve these problems as soon as possible.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：G275.1;K248

【引证文献】