纸质文献水溶液脱酸后真空微波—冷冻联合干燥技术研究
发布时间：2018-09-16 20:55
【摘要】：我国民国文献收藏总量丰富,种类繁多,是各级图书馆、档案馆馆藏文献的重要组成部分,是中华民族珍贵的文化遗产,具有不可复制的重要历史文化价值。但随着时间推移,民国文献正面临酸化、脆化等保护危机,抢救民国文献的任务迫在眉睫。针对纸质文献酸化日趋严峻的形式,大量脱酸处理技术已应用于纸质文献保护中。目前,国内研究的主要方向为水溶液脱酸法。快速、安全地干燥水溶液脱酸后的纸质文献是文献保护过程中的重点。本论文选取水溶液脱酸后的纸质文献为研究对象,运用真空微波-冷冻联合干燥的方法对脱酸后的整本图书进行处理。利用真空微波干燥和真空冷冻干燥两种方法分别对水溶液脱酸后的整本文献进行干燥都是切实可行的,但两种方法都存在一定程度的缺陷。本文将两种干燥方法进行结合,对脱酸后纸质文献进行干燥。通过共晶点的试验,结合脱酸液结晶特性,选择合适的脱酸液,确定试验流程及试验操作参数。本文利用Fluent软件对纸质文献真空冷冻干燥过程进行模拟,分析了预冻时冷阱周围温度场分布,以及冻干过程中冻干室温度场分布,同时对预冻及冷冻干燥过程中纸质文献温度场分布及纸质文献中心点温度变化进行模拟,研究确定真空冷冻干燥的试验参数。本文采用三种不同水分转换率的真空微波-冷冻联合干燥工艺,通过对比试验前后文献纸张的各方面性能及外观,确定最佳水分转换率的联合干燥工艺。结果表明,三种水分转换率的联合干燥工艺干燥过的纸质文献,白度有显著的提高,纸张的pH值在7.5以上,纸张机械性能也有不同程度的提高,其中经30%水分转换率联合干燥工艺干燥过的文献,纸张的撕裂度、抗张强度、耐折度略优于其他两种水分转换率。同时,真空微波-冷冻联合干燥在图书稳形方面有显著的效果,干燥后的文献可以很好地保持原来的形状,30%水分转换率的联合干燥工艺文献保持效果略优于其他两种。综合各方面因素,确定30%水分转换率的真空微波-冷冻联合干燥为最佳干燥工艺。研究结果表明,真空微波-冷冻联合干燥工艺对脱酸后图书进行干燥是一种切实可行的方法。对不同厚度及不同时期纸张的图书进行一系列的联合干燥工艺对比试验,对图书干燥后的各项指标进行了分析研究,确定了(实验范围内)最佳的联合干燥工艺,为进一步达到纸质文献规模化脱酸处理提供了一种高效安全的干燥处理方法,也为其进一步的推广应用奠定了一定的理论基础和优化方法。
[Abstract]:The literature collection of the Republic of China is rich in quantity and variety. It is an important part of the collection of documents in libraries and archives at all levels and is the precious cultural heritage of the Chinese nation. It has important historical and cultural value that cannot be duplicated. However, with the passage of time, the Republic of China literature is facing acidification, embrittlement and other protection crisis, the task of rescuing the Republic of China document is urgent. In view of the increasingly severe form of acidification of paper documents, a large number of deacidification techniques have been applied to the protection of paper documents. At present, the main direction of domestic research is aqueous solution deacidification. The paper document after desiccation of aqueous solution quickly and safely is the focal point in the process of document protection. In this paper, the paper literature after deacidification in aqueous solution was chosen as the research object, and the whole book was treated by vacuum microwave and freeze-drying method. It is feasible to use vacuum microwave drying method and vacuum freeze-drying method to dry the whole literature after dehydration of aqueous solution, but both methods have some defects to some extent. In this paper, two drying methods were combined to dry the paper documents after deacidification. Through the test of eutectic point and the crystallization characteristics of deacidated liquid, the suitable deacidification solution was selected, and the test flow and operation parameters were determined. In this paper, Fluent software is used to simulate the vacuum freeze-drying process of paper literature, and the temperature field distribution around the cold trap and the freeze-drying chamber during the freeze-drying process are analyzed. At the same time, the temperature field distribution of paper document and the temperature change of paper document center point in the process of pre-freezing and freeze-drying were simulated, and the experimental parameters of vacuum freeze-drying were determined. In this paper, three kinds of vacuum microwave freeze-drying processes with different water conversion rates were used to determine the optimal moisture conversion rate by comparing the properties and appearance of the papers before and after the experiment. The results showed that the whiteness of the paper was significantly improved, the pH value of the paper was more than 7. 5, and the mechanical properties of the paper were improved to some extent. Among them, the paper's tear strength, tensile strength and folding resistance were slightly better than the other two kinds of water conversion rate, which were dried by 30% water conversion rate combined with drying process. At the same time, the combined vacuum microwave and freeze drying has remarkable effect on the book form stabilization, and the literature after drying can keep the original shape 30% moisture conversion rate and keep the effect slightly better than the other two kinds of literature. Combined vacuum microwave and freeze drying with 30% water conversion rate was determined as the best drying process. The results show that the vacuum microwave-freeze-drying process is a feasible method for the drying of books after deacidification. A series of comparative tests on the combined drying process of books with different thickness and different periods were carried out. The indexes after book drying were analyzed and studied, and the best combined drying process was determined. It provides a high efficient and safe drying method for the paper document large-scale deacidification, and lays a certain theoretical foundation and optimization method for its further popularization and application.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TS767;G253.6
本文编号：2244761
[Abstract]:The literature collection of the Republic of China is rich in quantity and variety. It is an important part of the collection of documents in libraries and archives at all levels and is the precious cultural heritage of the Chinese nation. It has important historical and cultural value that cannot be duplicated. However, with the passage of time, the Republic of China literature is facing acidification, embrittlement and other protection crisis, the task of rescuing the Republic of China document is urgent. In view of the increasingly severe form of acidification of paper documents, a large number of deacidification techniques have been applied to the protection of paper documents. At present, the main direction of domestic research is aqueous solution deacidification. The paper document after desiccation of aqueous solution quickly and safely is the focal point in the process of document protection. In this paper, the paper literature after deacidification in aqueous solution was chosen as the research object, and the whole book was treated by vacuum microwave and freeze-drying method. It is feasible to use vacuum microwave drying method and vacuum freeze-drying method to dry the whole literature after dehydration of aqueous solution, but both methods have some defects to some extent. In this paper, two drying methods were combined to dry the paper documents after deacidification. Through the test of eutectic point and the crystallization characteristics of deacidated liquid, the suitable deacidification solution was selected, and the test flow and operation parameters were determined. In this paper, Fluent software is used to simulate the vacuum freeze-drying process of paper literature, and the temperature field distribution around the cold trap and the freeze-drying chamber during the freeze-drying process are analyzed. At the same time, the temperature field distribution of paper document and the temperature change of paper document center point in the process of pre-freezing and freeze-drying were simulated, and the experimental parameters of vacuum freeze-drying were determined. In this paper, three kinds of vacuum microwave freeze-drying processes with different water conversion rates were used to determine the optimal moisture conversion rate by comparing the properties and appearance of the papers before and after the experiment. The results showed that the whiteness of the paper was significantly improved, the pH value of the paper was more than 7. 5, and the mechanical properties of the paper were improved to some extent. Among them, the paper's tear strength, tensile strength and folding resistance were slightly better than the other two kinds of water conversion rate, which were dried by 30% water conversion rate combined with drying process. At the same time, the combined vacuum microwave and freeze drying has remarkable effect on the book form stabilization, and the literature after drying can keep the original shape 30% moisture conversion rate and keep the effect slightly better than the other two kinds of literature. Combined vacuum microwave and freeze drying with 30% water conversion rate was determined as the best drying process. The results show that the vacuum microwave-freeze-drying process is a feasible method for the drying of books after deacidification. A series of comparative tests on the combined drying process of books with different thickness and different periods were carried out. The indexes after book drying were analyzed and studied, and the best combined drying process was determined. It provides a high efficient and safe drying method for the paper document large-scale deacidification, and lays a certain theoretical foundation and optimization method for its further popularization and application.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TS767;G253.6
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