浅析15-19世纪西欧航海运输对环境的影响
发布时间：2023-04-02 13:45
近年来，外来物种入侵问题已经生物多样性保护中最重要的议题之一，特别是随着国际贸易运输的不断拓展和深化，航海运输已经成为外来物种入侵的主要的途径。追根溯源，早在15-19世纪，西欧航海家就使海上运输成了全球殖民体系的的组成部分。航海运输对世界各大洲产生了久远的影响。从环境角度来看，航海运输的发展促进了人种和动植物的全球性大交流，从而导致了全球物种分布的变化，继而产生了物种入侵等问题，破坏了生态平衡。 研究西欧航海运输在15-19世纪对当地造成的环境问题，最主要的是搞清楚航海运输是如何得以介入和影响当地环境的，这两者之间存在着什么样的因果关系。所以在本文中作者回顾了15-19世纪西欧航海运输发展的背景和促进其迅速发展的主观与客观因素，并分别从不同生物种类与多种运输方式来分析所产生后果。探析15-19世纪西欧航海运输对周边国家环境的影响可以帮助我们看清环境问题的历史真相并为解决当前世界面临的外来物种入侵问题提供宝贵的经验。
【文章页数】：56 页
【学位级别】：硕士
【文章目录】：
ABSTRACT
摘要
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
1.2 Purpose of the Thesis
1.3 Significance of the Investigation
1.4 Structure of the Thesis
Chapter II LITERATURE REWIEW
2.1 Previous Studies Abroad
2.2 Previous Studies at Home
Chapter III BACKGROUND OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WESTERN EUROPEAN MARITIME TRANSPORTATION
3.1 Interior Factors
3.1.1 Necessary Preparations for the Development of Capitalist Sprout
3.1.2 Zealous Pursuit of Gold
3.1.3 Dissemination of Christianity and Humanist Thoughts
3.1.4 Continuous Participation and Support from Royal Family
3.2 Exterior Factors
3.2.1 The Blockade of Ottoman Turkish Empire
3.2.2 The Development of Shipbuilding Technology
3.2.3 Ability to Handle Winds and Currents
CHAPTER IV DIFFERENT KINDS OF LIFE FORMS TRANSPORTED BY WESTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
4.1 Introduction of Weeds
4.1.1 Nettles, Filaree and Oats in North America
4.1.2 Artichoke, Thistle and Chickweed in South America
4.1.3 Clover, Knotgrass and Snakeweed in Australia
4.2 Introduction of Animals
4.2.1 Wide Spreading of Pigs
4.2.2 Miracles of Cattle on the Pampa
4.2.3 The Recurrence of Horses on Americas
4.2.4 Profitable Honeybees
4.2.5 Ruinous Rats
4.3 Introduction of Diseases
4.3.1 Smallpox — A Crucial Factor in European Conquest
4.3.2 Introduction of Other Diseases
CHAPTER V INTENTIONAL AND UNINTENTIONAL TRANSPORTATION
5.1 Planned and Intentional Transportation
5.1.1 Experiments on the Island of Madeira
5.1.2 Magic Pollinator — Honeybee in New Zealand
5.2 Unintentional and Undesirable Transportation
5.2.1 Rabbits on Porto Santo Island
5.2.2 Venereal Disease on New Zealand
CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION
WORKS CITED
本文编号：3779331
【文章页数】：56 页
【学位级别】：硕士
【文章目录】：
ABSTRACT
摘要
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
1.2 Purpose of the Thesis
1.3 Significance of the Investigation
1.4 Structure of the Thesis
Chapter II LITERATURE REWIEW
2.1 Previous Studies Abroad
2.2 Previous Studies at Home
Chapter III BACKGROUND OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WESTERN EUROPEAN MARITIME TRANSPORTATION
3.1 Interior Factors
3.1.1 Necessary Preparations for the Development of Capitalist Sprout
3.1.2 Zealous Pursuit of Gold
3.1.3 Dissemination of Christianity and Humanist Thoughts
3.1.4 Continuous Participation and Support from Royal Family
3.2 Exterior Factors
3.2.1 The Blockade of Ottoman Turkish Empire
3.2.2 The Development of Shipbuilding Technology
3.2.3 Ability to Handle Winds and Currents
CHAPTER IV DIFFERENT KINDS OF LIFE FORMS TRANSPORTED BY WESTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
4.1 Introduction of Weeds
4.1.1 Nettles, Filaree and Oats in North America
4.1.2 Artichoke, Thistle and Chickweed in South America
4.1.3 Clover, Knotgrass and Snakeweed in Australia
4.2 Introduction of Animals
4.2.1 Wide Spreading of Pigs
4.2.2 Miracles of Cattle on the Pampa
4.2.3 The Recurrence of Horses on Americas
4.2.4 Profitable Honeybees
4.2.5 Ruinous Rats
4.3 Introduction of Diseases
4.3.1 Smallpox — A Crucial Factor in European Conquest
4.3.2 Introduction of Other Diseases
CHAPTER V INTENTIONAL AND UNINTENTIONAL TRANSPORTATION
5.1 Planned and Intentional Transportation
5.1.1 Experiments on the Island of Madeira
5.1.2 Magic Pollinator — Honeybee in New Zealand
5.2 Unintentional and Undesirable Transportation
5.2.1 Rabbits on Porto Santo Island
5.2.2 Venereal Disease on New Zealand
CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION
WORKS CITED
本文编号：3779331
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