A Study of China English in the English Version of "Report o
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Research Background
With International communication and economic globalization, English as a lingua franca is playing an increasingly important role in every corner of the world. English has affected other languages and people of other countries have colonized English too. In this process, English globalization also brings out its nativization. The emergence of Australian English, African English, Singlish and so on has challenged the standard English—British English and American English. China boasts the largest English-learning population in the world. The nativization of English in China produces a distinctive variety— China English with Chinese characteristics. As an important component of world Englishes, China English has played a vital role in international affairs. With China's prosperity and rising status, other countries have strengthened their communication with China. China English in the translated GWR that covers China’s fundamental policy, social situation and political issues is crucial to our political interest and even international image.China English, as a distinctive variety of world Englishes, has significant value of academic research in linguistics and translation study. It is attracting more attention from scholars at home and abroad. The author aims to give translators some guidance in China English of translated external publicity texts by analyzing China English in the English version of GWR 2014.
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1.2 Research Significance
The thesis makes a study of China English in the translated GWR 2014 from the perspective of the translator’s visibility and its research significance is in the following two aspects: 1. Theoretical significance: (1) A study of China English from the perspective of the translator’s visibility improves the status of the translator. (2) Previous research on China English focuses on linguistics level such as whether China English exists or not, the definition of China English, its characteristics, etc. The research from the perspective of translation is relatively insufficient and the study of translation practice in the guidance of translation theory is not so deep. Previous study on China English from the translation theory is as follows: practical translation aesthetics, translation memetics, adaptation theory, functionalist translation theory, etc. But the study on China English from the perspective of the translator is little and superficial. The thesis makes a study of China English from the perspective of the translator’s visibility, thus to some extent enriching the research on China English and deepening the guidance of translation theory to translation practice.
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CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Previous Studies on China English from the Perspective of Linguistics at Home and Abroad
In China Ge Chuanggui first put forward the term “China English” in the article “ A Talk on Chinese-English Translation” in 1980. He pointed out: “ Every country has its own conditions. As for China, there are many things with Chinese features to be expressed whether they are spoken or written in English.”(Ge Chuanggui 1980:91) To illustrate this, he cited some examples: “Four Books” (四书), “May Fourth Movement” (五四运动)”, “Eight-legged Essay” (八股文), “imperial competitive exam” (科举), etc. According to Mr. Ge, all these expressions with Chinese features are correct China English, not Chinglish(Ge Chuanggui 1980:91-92). When English-speaking people hear or read these expressions, they may not understand them immediately. But by explanation native English speakers can understand what the expressions denote. Unfortunately, “China English” as a new term did not draw much attention from Chinese scholars at that time. In 1988, Huang Jinqi(1988:39-47) published an article entitled “A Positive Attitude to Chinese English”, in which he held that in translation the influence of Chinese on English is not always negative because the language has both positive and negative influence. In his opinion, Chinese-colored English expressions are correct. They show Chinese civilization and enrich English vocabulary. He did not give a clear definition of China English, but he mentioned some expressions with Chinese characteristics, such as “seeking truth from fact” (实事求是), “the first step in a long march of ten thousand li” (万里长征第一步), “four modernizations” (四个现代化), etc.
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2.2 Previous Studies on China English from the Perspective of Translation Theory and Translation Practice
Some scholars do research on China English from translation theory. Among the research, the most influential papers are The Analyses of China English Using Practical Translation Aesthetics by Wang Chen and Wang Huijuan, A Study on the Emergence and Prospect of China English from the Perspective of Memetics by Shao Bingyuan, The Justification of China English from the Approach to Translation as Adaptation and Selection by Wang Juan, and On Translating Words with Chinese Characteristics under the Perspective of Functionalist Translation Theory---A Case Study on Translating” Bu Zhe Teng” by Cao Na. It can be seen that translation theories involving the study of China English focus on translation aesthetics, translation memetics, the theory of translation as adaptation and selection, and functionalist translation theory.
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Chapter Ⅲ A STUDY OF CHINA ENGLISH .... 12
3.1 The Definition and the Cause of China English ......... 12
3.2 The Characteristics of China English ....... 14
3.3 China English and Chinglish ........... 16
3.3.1 The Definition and the Characteristics of Chinglish ........... 17
3.3.2 The Difference between China English and Chinglish ....... 18
3.3.3 My Attitude towards China English and Chinglish ............ 19
Chapter Ⅳ VENUTI’S TRANSLATOR’S VISIBILITY ...... 21
4.1 Translator’s Visibility .... 21
4.2 Representation of Translator’s Visibility: Foreignizing Translation ..... 23
4.3 An Evaluation of Venuti’s Translation Theory .......... 28
Chapter Ⅴ A STUDY OF CHINA ENGLISH IN THE ENGLISH VERSION OF GWR ........... 30
5.1 Data Collection and Analysis of GWR 2014 ..... 30
5.2 The Translator’s Visibility in the English Version of GWR 2014 .......... 34
5.3 The Guidance of The Translator’s Visibility ........... 42
Chapter Ⅴ A STUDY OF CHINA ENGLISH IN THE ENGLISH VERSION OF GWR 2014 FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE TRANSLATOR’S VISIBILITY
5.1 Data Collection and Analysis of GWR 2014
Report on the Work of the Government 2014 as study text is worth to investigate. The English version of GWR can give us some valuable guidance in translation practice because it is the joint efforts by experienced Chinese translators and foreign experts. The author downloads both Chinese and English versions of 2014 GWR (about 31000 words in total) and finds 261 China English (the different English expressions of the same word are not calculated again). In order to make a better study of China English, the author classifies China English mainly into six different categories: 1) the words related to politics, e.g.: “one country, two systems” (“一国两制”), Three Represents Theory (三个代表), CPPCC(全国政协), etc. 2) the words related to economics, e.g.: iron rice bowl(铁饭碗), proactive fiscal policy(积极的财政政策), reform and opening up(改革开放), etc.3) the words related to culture, science and education, e.g.: cultural and ethnical progress(精神文明建设), cultural soft power(文化软实力), national rejuvenation through science and education(科教兴国), etc. 4) the words related to society and people’s wellbeing, e.g.: a harmonious society(和谐社会), people’s wellbeing(民生), government-subsidized housing(安居工程), etc. 5) Chinese idioms, proverbs and four-character expressions, e.g.: take a holistic approach (统筹兼顾), The people are the foundation of a nation, and a nation carl enjoy peace only when its foundation is strong. (民惟邦本，本固邦宁。), perform their duties honestly, diligently and faithfully (廉洁奉公，勤勉尽责), There is nothing more important than human life (人命关天), etc. 6) the words related to China’s political, economic, technological, and ecological development, environmental protection, and others, e.g.: the new path of industrialization, IT application, urbanization and agricultural modernization with distinctive Chinese features(中国特色新型工业化、信息化、城镇化、农业现代化道路), the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation(中华民族伟大复兴), conserve energy, reduce emissions(节能减排), etc.
CONCLUSION
By making a quantitative analysis of the translation methods of China English in the translated GWR 2014, the author finds that foreignizing strategy (literal translation, transliteration, literal translation with annotation, coinage) is the major trend and accordingly the translator tends to be visible in translation. The translator is most visible in translating economic and political words. But in some cases, the translator should be invisible by domestication to make the translation easily understood. From data analysis, the translator tends to be invisible in Chinese idioms, proverbs and four-character expressions. This will give us some guidance in external publicity texts translation. The translator should strive to be visible in China English to preserve the Chinese flavor as much as possible rather than produce natural and transparent translation. Foreignization is recommended to promote Chinese culture and strengthen its international impact, but rigid translation or mechanical translation should be avoided. Sometimes the translator’s invisibility by domestication is necessary for reader’s sake. That is to say, the translator should strike a balance between loyalty to the original text and readability of the target text. In translation practice, the translator should first make the translation intelligible, but more importantly, he should do his utmost to be visible and keep the Chinese characteristics in order to spread Chinese culture and enhance national pride.
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The reference (omitted)
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