2017英语记叙文写作技巧
叙事作文来源于生活,那么如何写好英语记叙文呢?以下是小编为大家推荐的英语记叙文写作技巧 ,希望大家在阅读中有所收获~
学习要点一、记叙文的定义
记叙文也称叙述文,是一种以叙述的手法来呈现人物活动及事件过程的体裁。、游记、通讯、新闻报道(消息)、历史、 人物传记、日记和回忆录等都属于记叙文的范畴。记叙文大致可以分为以记人为主的记叙文和以叙事为主的记叙文。前者主要是对人物的经历、活动或者性格特征进行叙述;后者则是对某一事件的发生、发展过程和结果进行叙述。
二、记叙文的六大要素
记叙文的写作涉及到六大要素,即五个W和一个H:时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、事件(what)、原因(why)和结果(how);也可以将这六大要素概括为时间(time)、地点(place)、 人物( character)、事件的原因(cause)、经过(process)和结果( effect)。
三、记叙文的行文方式
一般来讲,记叙文应具有包括开头,主体和结尾在内的完整结构, 尤其是必须有情节发展的过程。作者应该像电影导演一样尽可能安排起伏和精彩的内容,在矛盾的产生和解决过程中凸现出诱发、发展到高潮的完整过程。此外,在叙述过程中为完整展现前面述及的六要素,还需要插入生动活泼的人物场景描写和清晰细致的动作表情刻画。
四、记叙文的写作要领
基于英语的语法和词汇特点,写作英语记叙文时应掌握以下要领:
1. 时态
由于记叙文是描述过去的语境,记叙发生过的事件,所以比较多使用包括一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时在内的过去时态。但是,,在很多情况下由于客观描述的需要,事件或人物描述的背景从过去转到现在,现在时的使用不可避免。还有的时候,为了衬托人物的个性,直观地表现人物的思想感情,需要运用对话的方式。而人物对话需要用直接引语,时态的选择又需要依托现在语境。这样,事件的时间线索就显得尤为重要,要求写作者有较强的“时间领悟能力”,驾驭写作过程中的时态转换。例如:
Wang Nan, a world champion in ping-pong, is 1.62 meter tall with the weight of 54 kilograms. She was born in Liaoning Province in October 1978. She began to play ping-pong at the age of seven. She played in Liaoning Team for three years before she came to the national team in 1993. She trained hard and got along well with her teammates. Wang Nan has won scores of gold medals in international table-tennis games and won great honor for our motherland. She likes surfing the internet, and enjoys chatting with friends online.
在这篇短文中,第一句是客观描述,介绍王楠的基本情况,用一般现在时。第二、三句介绍她的成长经历,用的是过去时。最后两句叙说她所取得的成就,又转换到现在语境,用现在完成时。
2. 人称
人称的运用也是记叙文的一个特点。第一人称(First-person Narrator)是写作者以当事人的口气来叙述,是一种主观表现手法,给读者一种亲切自然的感觉。由于作者是以叙述亲身经历的方式表达自己的思想情感,更能引起读者共鸣。例如:
The other day, I was driving along the street. Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast. I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side. But it was too late. The car hit my bike and I fell off it. It was really a bad day for me.
第三人称(Third-person Narrator)是写作者从旁观者的角度来叙述事件,是客观的表现手法,能够充分反映事件中各个人的感受与见解,从整体的视角来叙述事件。例如:
It was about nine o’clock on one Saturday evening in May. Sam was lying in bed, trembling with cold and having a cough. His head was aching so intensely that he kept groaning. His forehead felt very hot. We took his temperature. It was 38.5℃。
3. 动词使用的连贯性
为了刻画人物个性,表现真情实感,记叙文经常需要使用动词来突出过程与变化。在许多动作交替出现的情况下,一定要注意动词使用的连贯性,使文字表达简洁明了,一气呵成。下面一段接着上文记叙了萨姆生病后作者送他去医院的过程,动词使用得相当连贯。
Without hesitation, I dialed “120”. It was not long before an ambulance arrived. One roommate brought a blanket for him, and another helped him in the ambulance.
与评析范文 1
My Best Friend
Upon reading the expression “best friend”, a figure Jumps into my mind-Zhang Ye, my schoolmate in senior high school. During the three years in high school, we shared countless moments of laughter and tears, joy and sorrow.
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