浅析中国当代现实主义雕塑的意义

  本文关键词：浅析中国当代现实主义雕塑的意义，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。

        “现实主义”一词最早出现在法国的文学作品中，后来又被拓展到整个造型艺术领域中，并最终在19世纪30年代的法国以一场空前规模的现实主义美术运动为起点，正式成为艺术领域中一座跨时代的里程碑。但直到上世纪20年代开始，西方现实主义才以雕塑的形式涌入中国，在中国也已有百年的历史。在这百年的沧桑中，现实主义雕塑与整个中国的特定社会环境，与本土人们的特殊精神风貌和生活状态始终发生着联系，并在不同的历史时期发挥着重要的作用。本文从现实主义到现实主义雕塑都进行了重点的分析与研究，以此来阐述中国当代现实主义雕塑的重要性及其现实意义。说到现实主义，其在中国的传统文化中运用现实主义思想也创作出了许多优秀的作品，例如北宋时期画家张择端的《清明上河图》等都是以现实生活为依据创作出来的。20世纪初，中国第一代雕塑家留学法国，几年后他们学成归来，并带回了西方以写实手法为主的雕塑创作方法。从此，以写实为主的现实主义雕塑在20世纪的中国迅速得到发展。本文从现实主义的概念谈起进而延伸到现实主义雕塑的渊源，从西方现实主义雕塑到上世纪中国现实主义雕塑的发展历程，可谓以历史为线索，以事实为导向，重在阐述现实主义对中国雕塑的重大影响。回望上个世纪初到1949年的那个动荡年代，这时现实主义雕塑在中国发展的第一个阶段，那时整个中国都处在兵荒马乱的环境中，在这种特殊的情况下，有志的艺术青年大都放弃了个人思想情感在艺术上的表达，纷纷动员广大的人民群众组织成浩大的抗战洪流，并义不容辞的投入到这洪流中来；同时另一方面，由于处于战乱中的人们，也急需从艺术中获得精神的慰藉和心灵的鼓舞，因此能直接反映人民现实生活，又容易被群众理解的写实主义艺术，便成为艺术家共同的选择,随即这一艺术形式的雕塑作品就如同雨后春笋般纷纷涌现出来。1949年到1978年间，是现实主义雕塑在中国发展的第二个阶段，新中国刚刚成立，百废待兴，苏联的带有社会主义性质的现实主义雕塑被引进过来，用来体现人们在革命战争年代里的艰苦岁月和牺牲精神，反映革命和建设中的斗争历程和现实生活。因此，可以说在时代的推动下，现实主义成为当时中国美术界的主流思潮，这是特定时期的历史使然。80年代以后,改革开发的经济方针使中国的经济得到迅猛发展，现实主义雕塑也告别以往为政治服务，为意识形态服务的模式，开始回到雕塑自身，进行审美规律的探索，在雕塑形式和雕塑语言上求新求变，进行大胆的探索和突破。这一时期的雕塑领域面临着俩大挑战，一方面是国外：由于改革开放和经济全球化，使国与国之间在文化上的交流日益频繁，网络、媒体等传播方式的便捷更加速了艺术家之间的交流互动。西方国家的现代艺术的各种风格形式汹涌般的进入中国当代艺术中，一部分雕塑家为了雕塑外在形式上的“新”，为了与西方当代艺术的“接轨”，开始对西方国家已有雕塑样式的照抄，照搬。使中国当代雕塑艺术失去了本土的文化语境，丧失了自己的话语权，使中国当代雕塑艺术在文化上处于了一种后殖民文化的状态；另外一方面的挑战是国内：中国实行改革开放之后，市场经济的发展，使中国进入了消费主义时代，大众文化迅速得到传播，体现在雕塑上就是“商业化”，雕塑作品被大量的复制，作为商品进行消费，使当代雕塑失去了文化内涵的根基，远离了社会环境，与人民大众的心声审美水平越来越远，只是停留在表面的刺激，当代雕塑作品变得单调、乏味、平庸。在这样的环境下，迫使我们不得不去思考和回答这样一个问题，那就是在当今中国或在当今世界,现实主义雕塑还有没有被接纳、生存和发展的空间？在今天或在未来，现实主义雕塑还有没有审美的意义与价值？现实主义雕塑如何面对当下的、社会的、民族的中国问题，这是当代现实主义雕塑家急切需要思考的问题。值得欣喜的是，大部分现实主义雕塑家开始自觉地关注当代社会，对各种社会现象进行文化思考，关注当代社会的变化和各种问题，强调作品的观念性和现实针对性，揭示和思考当代人的精神状况，表达艺术家的人文关怀。本文结合几位当代现实主义雕塑家对于生活的关注、对于社会的干预以及他们的作品所传达出的精神意义进行具体的分析研究，，旨在表明当代现实主义雕塑的重要性。从当代性、社会性、地域性三个不同的角度去分析阐述中国当代现实主义雕塑的意义与价值。鼓励当代雕塑家们对于社会现实与真实问题的关注，对于人的生存境遇和精神状态的关注，呼吁雕塑家真正担当起肩上的道义、责任和良知。本文的研究意义在于，期望我们的雕塑家和艺术评论家一起努力，为中国的当代艺术建立起一套属于自己的关于当代艺术理论与批评的规范体系，从而使艺术理论对艺术实践起到应有的规范引导作用，进而使我们当代现实主义雕塑家能够用自己的作品实现与西方国家真正平等的对话。最终使中国当代现实主义雕塑的道路走的更远。

    “The realism” a word appears most early in France’s literary work, afterwards isdeveloped in the entire plastic arts domain, and finally in the19th century30’s Francetake an unprecedented scale realism fine arts movement as the beginning, becomes inofficially the artistic domain a cross time milestone. But starts until on century20’s,Western realism only then inrushes China by the sculpture form, also had hundredyears history in China. In these hundred years vicissitudes, the realism sculpture andthe entire China’s specific social environment, is having the relation throughout withthe native place people’s special energetic style and the life condition, and is playingthe vital role in the different historical period. This article has all carried on the keyanalysis and the research from the realism to the realism sculpture, elaborates theChinese present age realism sculpture importance and the practical significance bythis.Speaks of the realism, it utilized the realism thought in China’s traditional culturealso to create many outstanding works, for example Northern Song Dynasty timepainter Zhang Zhaiduan "In Pure Brightness River Chart" and so on all was createstake the real life as the basis. At the beginning of the20th century, the Chinese firstgeneration of sculptors study abroad France, after several years they study become thereturn, and has brought back to the Western practical technique primarily sculpturecreation method. Henceforth, practicalizes the primarily realism sculpture to obtainthe development rapidly in the20th century China. This article mentions from therealism concept then extends to the realism sculpture origin, from the Western realismsculpture to on century China realism sculpture development course, it may be saidtake the history as the clue, take the fact as the guidance, again in elaboration realismto Chinese sculpture significant influence. Returned looks at the beginning of acentury to1949that turbulent age, by now realism sculpture the first stage whichdeveloped in China, the entire China all occupied at that time in the turmoil of warenvironment, in this kind of special situation, the artistic youth who was ambitiousgave up individual thought emotion mostly in the artistic expression, mobilized the general people to organize the vast Sino-Japanese War mighty current in abundance,and bounden investment to this mighty current in; On the other hand simultaneously,because is in the chaos caused by war people, also urgently needs from art to obtainthe spiritual consoling with the mind inspiration, therefore can reflect the people’s reallife directly, also easily the realism art which was understood by the populace, thenbecomes the artist common choice, this artistic form sculpture work in abundanceemerges immediately on the like mushroom growth.From1949to1978, was therealism sculpture the second stage which developed in China, new China just wasfounded, have a hundred things to do, Soviet Union had the socialism nature realismsculpture to introduce, used for to manifest people’s in revolutionary war age difficultyears and the sacrifice spirit, reflected revolutionized and constructs the strugglecourse and the real life. Therefore, may say under the time impetus, the realismbecame at that time the Chinese fine arts mainstream ideological trend, this was thespecific time history makes to cause to so.After80’s, the reform development economical policy enable China’s economyto obtain the swift and violent development, the realism sculpture also said goodbyeformerly serves for politics, served the pattern for the ideology, started to return tosculpture oneself, carried on the esthetic rule the exploration, asked in the sculptureform and the sculpture language to strive for to change newly, carries on the boldexploration and the breakthrough. This time sculpture domain faces the pairs tochallenge greatly, on the one hand is overseas: As a result of the reform and openpolicy and the economical globalization, cause between the country and the countryare day by day frequent in the cultural exchange, dissemination ways and so onnetwork, media convenient have accelerated between artist’s exchange interaction.Western nation modern art each kind of style form turbulent enters in the Chinesepresent age art, part of sculptors for sculpture external form in “new”, for with theWestern present age art “the trail connection”, starts to the Western country to havesculpture style copying verbatim, the copy. Caused the Chinese present age sculptureart to lose the native place cultural linguistic environment, has lost own words power,caused the Chinese present age sculpture art to be at one kind after the culture to colonize cultural the condition; On the one hand moreover the challenge is domestic:After China implements the reform and open policy, the market economydevelopment, caused China to enter the expense principle time, the mass cultureobtained the dissemination rapidly, manifested in the sculpture is “thecommercialization”, the sculpture work by the massive duplications, is carried on asthe commodity the expense, caused the contemporary sculpture to lose the culturalconnotation foundation, has been far away the social environment, was more andmore far with masses’ aspiration esthetic level, only was pauses in the superficialstimulation, the contemporary sculpture work becomes monotonous, is tasteless, ismediocre.This article unifies several contemporary realism sculptor regarding the lifeattention, the energetic significance which transmits regarding society’s interventionas well as their work conducts the concrete analysis research, is for the purpose ofindicating the contemporary realism sculpture the importance.From the present age,the sociality, the regional three different angles analyze elaborate the Chinese presentage realism sculpture significance and the value. Encouragement present age sculptorsregarding society realistic and real question attention, regarding human’s survivalcircumstances and the state of mind attention, appealed the sculptor takes in shouldermorality and justice, the responsibility and the conscience truly.This article research significance lies in, expected we the sculptor and the artisticcritic together diligently, establish a set for China’s contemporary art to belong ownabout the contemporary art theory and the criticism standard system, thus causes theartistic theory the standard guidance function which practices to art should have, thenenables our present age realism sculptor to use own work realization and the Westerncountry true equality dialogue.Finally enable the Chinese present age realismsculpture the path to walk far.

浅析中国当代现实主义雕塑的意义

摘要4-7Abstract7-9引言11-12第一章 现实主义雕塑的历程12-21    第一节 现实主义的概念12-14    第二节 现实主义雕塑的渊源14-16    第三节 现实主义雕塑的发展历程16-21        （一）20 世纪初到 1949 年18-19        （二）49 年到 1978 年19-21第二章 中国当代现实主义雕塑的表现形式21-28    第一节 塑造生活21-24    第二节 精神写实24-25    第三节 自我探索25-28第三章 中国当代现实主义雕塑的特征28-32    第一节 当代性28-29    第二节 社会性29-30    第三节 地域性30-32第四章 中国当代现实主义雕塑的重要性及雕塑家的重任32-36    第一节 社会环境32-34        （一）国内32-33        （二）国外33-34    第二节 雕塑家的人文关怀34    第三节 雕塑文献的理论支持34-36结论36-37参考文献37-38后记38

  本文关键词：浅析中国当代现实主义雕塑的意义，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。