唐五代士大夫词源流探微

发布时间：2018-01-08 13:40

本文关键词：唐五代士大夫词源流探微　出处：《四川师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：王国维《人间词话》云:“词至后主而眼界始大,感慨遂深,遂变伶工之词而为士大夫之词。”这句话肯定了李煜词的重要意义,同时第一次提出了士大夫之词的概念。士大夫之词,其所渗透进去和表现出来的,是士大夫文人所普遍具有的一种精神。这种精神的核心体现为一种关怀意识。它根植于士大夫固有的责任感与忧患意识,体现出对家国天下、民生社会、历史发展、人类生命的广阔认知与深沉思考。士大夫词所具有的眼界大与感慨深的特点,亦体现于此。事实上,李煜之前存在少量士大夫词。只是由于时间跨度大,各时期的作品较为零散,故而不容易引起人们的关注。士大夫词的产生最早可追溯到初唐时期。李景伯的《回波乐》以词表讽谏之意,流露出士大夫对朝廷的关怀。盛唐李白作《菩萨蛮》、《忆秦娥》二词,情感深沉,境界阔大。至中唐时期,作士大夫词作者有6人,作品共计28首。在这些词中表现出了词人对社会现实、民生百态的关怀。内容上,这类词已开始着眼于家国社会各方面。比如戴叔伦关注边塞与征战将士的《转应词》,刘禹锡反映民生民情的《竹枝》,等等。风格上,整体呈现出清简自然的特征。具体表现为单调小令的形式带来的简洁美感、近似民歌的语言特色以及诗人因偶尔介入词的创作所带来的简洁风格。此外,在词调选择与词牌运用上,这些士大夫词除了使用由教坊曲演变而来的词调如《三台》、《浪淘沙》外,还使用了当时未入教坊曲的词调,比如《调笑》、《广谪仙怨》。到了晚唐五代,士大夫词既继承了中唐时期的一些特点,又有了新的变化。首先是词人增多。晚唐五代的著名文人中,就有12人曾作共计26首士大夫词。这12位词人中,5人曾有贰臣经历,其感时伤世的情绪与内心深处对社会民生的关怀却并未因此消失。他们仍将士大夫关怀倾注于词中。内容上除了对中唐时期创作内容的承续外,新增加了不少咏史怀古和感时伤世的内容。这与晚唐五代时代变迁的大背景关系密切。风格上,则以渐趋雅化为主要特征。具体表现在双调小令的出现带来婉转回环的抒情风格,并且注重以雅致的语言营造词境。再次,词调运用呈现多样化特点。除了沿用中唐《杨柳枝》这样的词调外,还运用了如《酒泉子》、《浣溪沙》、《定西番》、《甘州遍》一类源于唐教坊曲的其他词调。同时,还有《河传》、《江城子》、《思越人》一类出现在晚唐五代的新词调。且词的内容多缘题而作,体现出词人在时世变迁中的感慨。士大夫词正是如此一步步发展变化,不断走向成熟。
[Abstract]:Wang Guowei < > renjiancihua cloud: "words to main and vision was, and deep feeling, then change the word Ling for literati words." this sentence affirmed the importance of Li Yuci, and is the first to put forward the concept of literati of the literati of the word. The word. Penetrate and show, is a kind of universal spirit of the literati. This embodies the core spirit as a caring consciousness. It is rooted in the literati inherent sense of responsibility and sense of urgency, reflecting on the home country of the world, the social, historical development, human life and the broad knowledge and deep thinking literati. Word has vision features and deep feeling, also reflected in this. In fact, Li Yu before there is a small amount of literati words. Just because of the time span, the period of the work is more fragmented and therefore not easy to arouse people's attention. The literati of the earliest Can be traced back to the early period of the Tang Dynasty. "Li Jingbo's list > echo music allegorical meaning, showing solicitude for the literati. The Tang Dynasty Li Bai" pusaman >, < E > two Qin Yi words, feelings deep, broad realm. The Mid Tang Dynasty, as the literati writers have 6 people, a total of works 28. In the first of these words show the poet to the social reality, people's livelihood life care. The content of this kind of word, has begun to focus on the various aspects of national society. Such as Dai Shulun and the soldiers in the frontier attention should turn < word >, < Zhuzhi Liu Yuxi reflect the people's livelihood ", and so on. The overall style. Presents the characteristics of natural beauty. Simple clearing Jane brought the specific performance in the form of monotonous poem concise style, the language features of folk songs and approximate poets due to occasional intervention the word creation brings. In addition, in the selection and use of Ci poetry, these literati words except by the use of teaching Fang Song evolved in words such as < three >, < langtaosha >, also used at that time did not enter the imperial music tune, such as < < > tease, Guangzhou drops to blame. In the late Tang and Five Dynasties, literati CI inherits some characteristics of the Mid Tang Dynasty, has a new change first. The CI is increasing. The famous literati in the late Tang and Five Dynasties, there are 12 people had a total of 26 words. The first scholar of the 12 poets, 5 people had turncoats experience, and heart of the emotional sense of hurt when the world of social care but has not disappeared. They are still soldiers doctor care into words. The content in addition to the continuation of the Tang Dynasty creation content, adds a lot of new history and nostalgia and sentimental content. And the late Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties era in the background close. The style, in the process of refinement as the main feature. The specific performance brought in mildly circle the two tone poem Lyric style, and pay attention to the elegant language to create a word. Again, words use diversified characteristics. In addition to use the < > this tune willow, also used as < Jiuquan >, < huanxisha >, < < Dingxi > some other words, the Ganzhou times > a class of Tang Jiaofang song tune. At the same time, and < < Jiangcheng River pass >, < sub > > a think more people appeared in the late Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties. The new words tone and word content and reflect the margin problem, people in times of change of emotion. The literati "is such a step by step development changes. Continue to mature.

【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I207.23

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