陶渊明与北宋平淡诗学

发布时间：2018-02-10 05:20

本文关键词： 陶渊明平淡北宋诗学　出处：《深圳大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：晋宋之际并不闻名的陶渊明,以其高洁独立的人格和平淡自然的诗学思想获得了北宋文人的一致倾慕,在中国文学史上成就其应有的崇高地位。陶渊明作诗与日常生活相结合,将日常生活诗意化,无论写什么都写得质朴自然,平淡中蕴含真意,其成功之处在于将“平淡”提升为一种美的至境。鲁迅先生评价陶渊明说他是一个平和自然的田园诗人,高兴时谈天说地,写作文章并饮酒为乐,贫困时能够上门乞食,固守穷节,表现出任真自得、淡泊名利的人生态度。陶渊明笔下的田园生活,在诗歌领域中开辟出一番新的天地,诗歌创作中的平淡自然风格成为中国古典诗歌的审美典范。北宋初期相继出现的三种诗体沿袭晚唐诗风的浮华艳丽,缺乏创新精神。在这种情况下,文人士大夫不约而同把目光聚焦到陶渊明身上,以求突破宋诗的桎梏。北宋文人对陶渊明推崇备至,喜爱其平淡自然的诗歌风格,把陶诗作为学习的典范,认为平淡才是诗歌艺术的最高审美境界。梅尧臣作为北宋平淡诗学的开山祖师,率先提出“作诗无古今,惟造平淡难”的观点。梅尧臣曾说:“中作渊明诗,平淡可拟伦”,认为只有像陶渊明那样作平淡之诗,才能达到美的极致。欧阳修作为梅尧臣的至交好友,多年的交往使其深受梅诗影响,在诗歌创作中继续发扬古朴平淡的风格。欧阳修推崇陶渊明淡泊宁静、率真自然的人生态度,盛赞陶渊明说:“晋无文章,惟陶渊明《归去来兮辞》一篇而已。”苏轼是北宋平淡诗学的集大成者,在继承梅、欧平淡诗歌理论的基础之上,学陶和陶,对陶诗及平淡理论的研究更为深刻具体。苏轼在《与苏辙书》中说“吾与诗人无所甚好,独好渊明之诗。渊明作诗不多,然其诗质而实绮,癯而实腴,自曹、刘、鲍、谢、李、杜诸人,皆莫及也。”用“质而实绮,癯而实腴”八个字准确地概括出陶诗冲淡静穆、深邃宏美的艺术境界。陶渊明对中国古典诗歌的深厚影响,离不开梅尧臣、欧阳修、苏轼等北宋文人的大力推崇。陶诗经由他们重新解读和阐释之后,终于绽放出新的光彩,获得了应有的崇高地位。与此同时,在对陶渊明诗歌及其诗学思想的不断深挖中,北宋诗学逐渐构建和完善了自身的平淡理论,二者是相互影响相互递进的关系,缺一不可。
[Abstract]:Tao Yuanming, who was not famous at the time of Jin and Song dynasties, won the admiration of the literati of the Northern Song Dynasty for his clean and independent personality and plain and natural poetic thought, and achieved his due lofty status in the history of Chinese literature. The poeticization of daily life, no matter what is written, is simple and natural, and its success lies in the promotion of "bland" to a kind of beauty. Lu Xun said that he was a peaceful and natural pastoral poet. When happy, write articles and drink for fun, when poor can come to beg for food, stick to the poor festival, show true self-satisfaction, indifferent to fame and wealth of life attitude. Tao Yuanming's pastoral life, A new world has been opened up in the field of poetry, and the plain and natural style of poetry creation has become the aesthetic model of Chinese classical poetry. Lack of innovative spirit. In this case, literati and officials focus their attention on Tao Yuanming in order to break through the shackles of Song poetry. Taking Tao's poetry as a model of learning, he thought that the highest aesthetic realm of poetic art was plainness. Mei Yao-chen, as the founder of plain poetics in the Northern Song Dynasty, took the lead in proposing that "there is no history and present in writing poetry." Mei Yaochen once said, "if you write a profound poem in China, you can write a plain poem." you think that only when you write a plain poem like Tao Yuanming can you achieve the ultimate beauty. As a close friend of Mei Yaochen, Ouyang Xiu is the best friend of Mei Yaochen. After many years of communication, he was deeply influenced by Mei's poems, and continued to carry forward the simple and plain style in his poetry creation. Ouyang Xiu praised Tao Yuanming for his quiet, calm, frank and natural attitude towards life, and praised Tao Yuanming for saying, "there is no article in Jin. "Su Shi is a master of plain poetics in the Northern Song Dynasty. He learned Tao and Tao on the basis of inheriting Mei and EU's poetical theory." The study of Tao's poetry and his insipid theory is more profound and specific. Su Shi says in the Book of the Book of Su Zhe, "I and the poet are not very good, but only good poems of the Yuan Ming. But the poetry of Yuan Ming is not many, but his poems are real and graceful, / he is full, from Cao, Liu, Bao, Xie, Li, Du Zhuren, no matter what. "with the eight characters of" quality and elegance, / solid and full, "accurately generalize the artistic realm of Tao's poems to dilute the serenity and the profound beauty. Tao Yuanming's profound influence on Chinese classical poetry cannot be separated from Mei Yaochen and Ouyang Xiu. Su Shi and other scholars in the Northern Song Dynasty were greatly respected. After being reinterpreted and interpreted by them, Tao Shi finally bloomed out a new luster and gained his due lofty status. At the same time, in the process of digging into Tao Yuanming's poetry and his poetic thoughts, The poetics of the Northern Song Dynasty gradually constructed and perfected its own insipid theory.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I207.22

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