越王句践形象的嬗变研究

发布时间：2018-03-15 05:14

本文选题：句践　切入点：《史记》　出处：《广西民族大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：春秋末期,越王句践忍辱发奋、励志图强,以东南沿海小国战败强吴,称霸中原。其“卧薪尝胆”的励志故事经久不衰。句践的文学形象历经先秦典籍、西汉《史记》,到东汉杂史、唐宋诗词,继而到元明清俗文学,一直在不断发展中逐步丰富完善。唐宋诗歌与明清传奇、戏曲与小说对句践形象的接受主要得益于《史记》与《吴越春秋》等书的流布与传播。受“贬天子”著作观的影响,司马迁在《史记》中保持句践隐忍发奋贤君形象的基础上,将句践塑造成善用阴谋权术、背信弃义之人。后世文学作品多以《史记》为范本,对句践形象进行文学的发挥与演绎。随着时代的变迁,文学作品中句践的复仇意识逐渐强化,诛杀功臣也更趋于主动与权谋,表现出封建统治者特有的冷酷与权威。历代作者出于对盛世太平、明君贤臣的向往,因而在塑造句践形象的过程中,多采用对比烘托的手法,或以句践与夫差作对比,从而凸显句践知错能改、从谏如流;或以句践与伍子胥复仇作对比,表现句践复仇的合理与彻底;或以吴越两国君臣关系为对比,表现越国君臣众志成城、合力抗敌的和谐局面。但俗文学的作家们身处中央集权的统治下,讳言君王却只能借古讽今,因而在演绎吴越故事时,较为观照范蠡、伍子胥等贤臣,反而使句践沦为配角。文学作品对句践形象的塑造也不满足于其单一的忍辱负重的形象,而辅以多样复杂的性格特征,使其具有贪财好色、逆来顺受、软弱无谋等性格弱点,形象也更加丰满灵动。总之,对各时期文学作品中句践形象的研究,亦是对文学接受者所处的时代以及文人社会心态的侧面反映。
[Abstract]:At the end of the Spring and Autumn period, Yue Wang Jianjian put up with insults, encouraged himself to make a strong effort, defeated Wu in a small southeastern coastal country, and dominated the Central Plains. His inspirational story of "hardship and courage" lasted for a long time. The literary image of sentence Jian had experienced the classic books of the Pre-Qin Dynasty. Historical Records of the Western Han Dynasty, to the Eastern Han Dynasty miscellaneous history, Tang and Song poetry, and then to the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties vulgar literature, has been constantly developing in the rich and perfect. Tang and Song poetry and Ming and Qing legends, The acceptance of the image of sentence Jian in drama and novel is mainly due to the spread of books such as the Records of History and the Spring and Autumn period of Wu and Yue. Under the influence of the idea of disparaging the Heaven and the son, Si Maqian maintains the image of the virtuous gentleman in the Book of History. The later literary works take the "Records of History" as the model to give full play to and deduce the image of sentence Jian. With the change of times, the revenge consciousness of sentence Jian in literary works is gradually strengthened. The hindmost meritorious officials also tend to take the initiative and resort to power, showing the peculiar ruthlessness and authority of the feudal rulers. For the sake of peace in the prosperous times and the yearning of the meritorious and meritorious princes, the authors of the past dynasties, in the process of shaping the image of sentence practice, often adopted the technique of contrast and contrast. Either by comparing sentence practice with husband difference, thus highlighting that sentence practice can be corrected by knowing mistakes, or by comparing sentence Jian with Wu Zixu's revenge, which shows the reasonableness and thoroughness of sentence Jian revenge; or with Wu Yue's relationship between monarch and minister as a comparison. The writers of popular literature, who are under the rule of centralization of power, refuse to say that kings can only use ancient times to satirize the present and the present. Therefore, when interpreting the stories of Wu and Yue, they pay more attention to Fan Li, Wu Zixu, and other virtuous officials. On the contrary, the portrayal of the image of Qian Jian in literary works is not satisfied with its single image of bearing disgrace, but is accompanied by various and complex character characteristics, which make it have the character weakness of lust for money, submission to the situation, weakness and no plan. In a word, the study on the image of sentence practice in the literary works of various periods is also a reflection of the times in which the literary recipients live and the social mentality of the literati.
【学位授予单位】：广西民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I206.2

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