许学夷论杜诗述评

发布时间：2018-03-28 03:33

本文选题：杜甫　切入点：正变　出处：《山东大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：本论文以许学夷的杜诗评论为研究对象,对其杜诗研究的几个代表性问题进行述评,并力图准确地揭示许学夷杜诗评论的内容与特色,并进一步探讨其在杜诗学史上的贡献与地位。正文分为四部分：第一章讨论许学夷对杜诗正变的看法。许学夷在总体上肯定杜诗为正体,并通过对杜诗的诗体特质与元和诗“以文为诗”的细致辨析,显示出杜诗的正体特质。许学夷进一步对杜诗各体(尤其是近体)中的“变体”进行了细致的辨析。论杜甫七言律诗,他提出了杜甫七律“变胜于正”的观点,这可以视为“辩体诗学”即将由“正变论”走向“通变论”的一个标志；他还重点探讨了杜甫七律“以歌行入律”的问题,他没有抱着“伸正诎变”的态度悍然否定这些“大变”之诗的价值。由他对杜甫五言律诗与七言绝句的评论,也可见他对杜诗“变体”的包容和肯定。第二章探讨许学夷对杜诗与盛唐诗之异同的比较。许学夷重点比较了杜甫律诗与盛唐律诗的异同,在创作特征上,他以“惟在兴趣”概括盛唐律诗,而认为杜甫律诗“以意为主”；在审美境界上,分别以“优游不迫”与“沉着痛快”来概括盛唐律诗与杜甫律诗；他还进一步指出盛唐律诗与《诗经》中《国风》的继承关系,而杜甫律诗则更多地体现出与《雅》的继承关系；在总体成就上,他确认杜甫律诗与盛唐律诗同为“入圣”,明确不分优劣,不再站在“集大成”的立场上推崇杜诗高过盛唐。论古诗,许学夷认为杜甫古诗高于盛唐诸公,达到了“入神”的境界。第三章研究许学夷对李杜比较论的阐释。在创作特点上,许学夷以“主兴”“极才人之致”来概括李白诗歌,以“主意”“尽作者之能”来总结杜甫诗歌；在作品风格上,他以“豪放”与“沉着”来分别论述李杜诗歌；在艺术渊源上,他认为李白诗歌“多出于汉魏六朝”,具有“集大成”的特征,杜甫诗歌则具有“独造”的特征。第四章论述许学夷对杜诗与宋诗之关系的看法。他确认宋诗为变体,却在一定程度上肯定宋诗的价值；他强调杜诗“变体”对宋诗的开启作用；他认为宋人学杜诗不类；他还进一步提出宋人有意学杜诗瑕疵的论断。
[Abstract]:Taking Xu Xueyi's comments on du's poems as the object of study, this paper reviews several representative issues in his research, and tries to reveal the content and characteristics of Xu Xueyi's comments on du's poems. The main body is divided into four parts: the first chapter discusses Xu Xueyi's view on du Shi's positive change. And through the analysis of the poetic characteristics of du's poems and the detailed analysis of Yuan he's poem "taking the text as the poem", Xu Xueyi further discriminates and analyzes the "variants" in various styles of du's poems (especially the recent ones). On du Fu's seven-character poems, he puts forward the view that du Fu's seven laws "become better than upright". This can be regarded as a sign that "dialectical poetics" is about to move from "positive theory" to "general change theory", and he also focuses on the question of du Fu's seven laws "entering the law by singing". He did not brazenly deny the value of these "great changes" in his attitude of "outstretched and changed". His comments on du Fu's five-character legal poems and seven-character quatrains, The second chapter discusses Xu Xueyi's comparison of the similarities and differences between du's poems and those of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Xu Xueyi focuses on the similarities and differences between du Fu's poems and those of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He generalizes the legal poems of prosperous Tang Dynasty with "interest only", but thinks that du Fu's poems are "mainly by meaning", while in aesthetic realm, he generalizes the poems of law and du Fu's poems respectively by "having a good tour" and "having a good time". He further pointed out the inheritance relationship between the law poems of the prosperous Tang Dynasty and the Book of songs, while du Fu's poems more embodied the inheritance relationship with elegance, and in the overall achievements, He confirmed that du Fu's legal poems were "consecrated" as well as those of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and made it clear that there was no distinction between merits and demerits, and he no longer admired du's poems on the stand of "gathering success". On ancient poetry, Xu Xueyi thought that du Fu's ancient poems were higher than those of the great Tang Dynasty. The third chapter studies Xu Xueyi's explanation of Li du's comparative theory. In terms of creative characteristics, Xu Xueyi generalizes Li Bai's poems with "main exhilaration" and "extremely talented people", and sums up du Fu's poems with "ideas" and "to the best of the author's ability". In the style of his works, he discussed Li du's poems separately by "unrestrained" and "calm". In terms of artistic origin, he thought that Li Bai's poems "mostly originated from the Han, Wei and six dynasties" and had the characteristics of "great achievements". The fourth chapter discusses Xu Xueyi's view on the relationship between du poetry and Song poetry. He confirms the Song poetry as a variant, but to a certain extent affirms the value of Song poetry. He emphasized the function of "variation" of du poem to the poetry of Song Dynasty; he thought that the Song Dynasty did not study du poem; he also put forward the conclusion that the Song Dynasty intended to learn the flaw of du poem.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：I207.22

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