巴蜀文化影响下沙汀现代小说创作探析

发布时间：2018-04-22 02:30

本文选题：沙汀 + 现代小说　；参考：《曲阜师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：地理环境决定文学风貌,对此古今中外皆有论述。中国古代的《汉书·地理志》、刘师培的《南北文学不同论》、19世纪丹纳的《艺术哲学》,都强调了地域风貌与人和文学之间的紧密关系。不同的地理环境造就了不同质态的地域文化,偏于西南一隅的巴蜀文化基于封闭的地理环境呈现出独特的个性,同时孕育出一批深受巴蜀文化影响的四川作家群。而沙汀因创作文化意蕴浑厚的川西北文学,成为现代文坛上独具特色的地域作家,他的小说创作,正是他的故乡川西北小镇的真实写照。地理环境的封闭性阻隔了巴蜀大地与外界的联系,逐渐形成一种不受“王化”的巴蜀文化。重享乐的文化心理,好争斗的社会风气,率性、张扬的个性表现成为巴蜀文化的总特征。巴蜀人喜欢享乐,吃食、茶馆、鸦片是沙汀作品中三个颇具代表性的意象,它们是川西北民众生活方式和生存形态的缩影。沙汀有着鲁迅的犀利和深刻,他借吃食、茶馆、鸦片三大意象批判了川西北人麻木的精神状态和看似热闹、实则阴冷沉滞的生命本质。沙汀对巴蜀文化始终保持一种理智而强烈的批判态度,他的现代短篇小说遵从鲁迅“选材要严,开掘要深”的文学主张,专注于勾勒川西北小镇的故事。沙汀通过对川西北小镇这一特定地域中社会礼俗和民众精神风貌的描写,塑造了底层女性、普通百姓和地方官僚三类极具巴蜀文化品格的人物形象。沙汀善于从川西北人最普通的生活中攫取片段,并巧妙地结合小说结构,使故事情节一步步发展深入,进而宏观地反映出封闭落后、沉寂阴郁的巴蜀生存景象。沙汀的长篇“三记”(《淘金记》《还乡记》《困兽记》)是对巴蜀文化长幅画卷的浓缩展示,全面刻画了川西北小镇的风土人情。写于1941年秋的《淘金记》最能代表沙汀独特的创作风格,封建地主婆何寡母被沙汀塑造成一个丰满立体的“圆形人物”,她刚愎狡猾、自私精明和大胆要强的个性让读者对之既鄙夷、愤恨又同情、钦佩。县长、乡长、乡约、联保主任等基层官员是沙汀“三记”中的重要形象,他们为官一方,却靠着手中的权利攫取利益,一团和气的充当老好人,是典型的“善恶人”。地主豪绅、袍哥、兵痞、等是沙汀着重书写的“土著人物”,他们操着乡间口语和行帮黑话,活跃在茶馆、烟馆、酒馆和祠堂里,各自为攫取更多的利益上演着“人吃人”的罪恶把戏,是典型的“烂恶人”。这幅“乡镇群丑图”的勾画,为沙汀笔下川西北小镇“风俗画”的描绘增添了异样的黑暗色调,也使其更具层次性和深刻性。沙汀的“三记”创作深受巴蜀地域摆龙门阵传统的影响,注重小说的故事性,同时“补史之缺”的方志意识也使他成功地描绘出巴蜀社会的世俗生活。
[Abstract]:The geographical environment determines the literary style and features, which has been discussed both at all times and at home and abroad. Ancient Chinese Geography of Chinese calligraphy and Liu Shipei's Theory of the difference between North and South Literature and Dana's philosophy of Art in the 19th century all emphasize the close relationship between regional style and man and literature. Different geographical environments bring up different regional cultures of different quality. The Bashu culture, which is partial to the southwest corner, presents its unique personality based on the closed geographical environment. At the same time, it gives birth to a group of Sichuan writers deeply influenced by the Bashu culture. Sha Ting has become a unique regional writer in the modern literary world because of his rich cultural connotation of Sichuan Northwest Literature. His novel creation is the true portrayal of his hometown town of Northwest Sichuan. The closeness of geographical environment obstructs the connection between Bashu land and the outside world, and gradually forms a kind of Bashu culture which is not subject to "king". The cultural psychology of hedonism, the social atmosphere of struggle, the character of frankness and publicity become the general characteristics of Bashu culture. Bashu people like to enjoy, eat, teahouse and opium are three representative images in Sha Ting's works, which are the epitome of the way of life and living form of the people in Northwest Sichuan. Sha Ting has a sharp and profound Lu Xun. He criticizes the numb mental state and seemingly lively life essence of northwest Sichuan people by eating, teahouse and opium. Sha Ting has always maintained a rational and strong critical attitude towards Bashu culture. His modern short stories follow Lu Xun's literary propositions of "strict selection of materials and deep excavation" and focus on sketching the story of the town in the northwest of Sichuan. By describing the social customs and the spirit of the people in the town of northwest Sichuan, Sha Ting created three kinds of characters with the cultural character of Ba and Shu, namely, the bottom woman, the ordinary people and the local bureaucrats. Sha Ting is good at snatching fragments from the most common life of the people in northwest Sichuan and skillfully combining the structure of the novel to make the story develop step by step and then macro reflect the survival scene of Bashu with closed backwardness and gloom. Sha Ting's "three Records" ("Gold Rush") is a concentrated display of the long picture of Bashu culture and comprehensively depicts the local customs and customs of the small town in northwestern Sichuan. Written in the fall of 1941, the Book of Gold Rush best represents Sha Ting's unique creative style. The feudal landowner and widowed mother was molded into a plump, three-dimensional "round character" by Sha Ting, and she was devious and cunning. Selfishness and boldness make the reader despise, resent, sympathize and admire it. The county chief, township chief, township chief, chief of public protection and other grassroots officials are the important figures in Sha Ting's "three Records". They are officials, but they take advantage of the power in their hands to grab benefits. They act kindly as good people and are typical "good and evil people". The landlords and gentry, gowns, soldiers and ruffians are the "aboriginal characters" that Sha Ting focuses on writing. They are active in teahouses, smoke houses, taverns and ancestral halls in rural colloquial and colloquial words. They play the evil trick of eating people in order to grab more profits, which is typical of "rotten villains". This picture of "the ugliness of villages and towns" adds a different dark tone to Sha Ting's depiction of "folk painting" in northwest Sichuan, and also makes it more hierarchical and profound. Sha Ting's creation of "three Records" is deeply influenced by the tradition of draftsmanship in Bashu region, and pays attention to the story of the novel. At the same time, the local chronicle consciousness of "making up for the lack of history" also makes him successfully depict the secular life of Bashu society.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I207.42

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