隐喻视角下的《诗经》解读

发布时间：2018-05-05 22:56

本文选题：概念隐喻 + 《诗经》　；参考：《东北师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：《诗经》是中国第一部诗歌总集,总计305篇,分成“风”“雅”“颂”三部分。《诗经》语言风格自然优美。长期以来,通过中国语言学家对西方“概念隐喻”的理解研究和把握,当我们再仔细翻阅《诗经》时,我们发现,在《诗经》中也蕴藏着极其丰富的隐喻表达。所以,《诗经》不仅是华夏文化的瑰宝,也在为语言学、修辞学以及文学研究提供了宝贵资源。回顾已有的研究史料,笔者发现,从认知语言学角度出发分析古典诗歌,国内可参考的案例研究较少。因此,以《诗经》作为语料,从认知语言学角度出发,结合概念隐喻的相关理论,通过不同的视角的解读和鉴赏得出《诗经》的概念隐喻体系,将是认知语言学理论在《诗经》解读层面的一次全新尝试。“概念隐喻”这一理论最初是由美国语言学家George Lakoff和Mark Johnsen提出,本文沿用了他们的理论观点,分析《诗经》中的隐喻,通过始源域和目标域的整理,提炼其中的文化内涵,最终试图得出先秦文化中的隐喻共同性。开篇第一章节,是概念隐喻和《诗经》的介绍,通过对概念隐喻三种分类的理解,即:结构隐喻、方位隐喻和实体隐喻,确定在《诗经》中选取的概念标准,并着重阐述了本文的研究意义。第二章节,是《诗经》典型的隐喻类型,通过对《诗经》的文本阅读筛选,归纳出四个重要的始源域:植物、动物、昆虫和气候。这些始源域由出现频率较高的概念组成,反映出先民的思维方式,因此,具有普遍的代表性。通过实例分析,笔者总结得出始源域到目标域的映射过程。第三章节,是论述《诗经》中的隐喻认知分析。植物、动物、昆虫和气候,构成了一个如同生态系统的始源域,而他们映射的目标域就是抽象的、难于理解的概念。从始源域到目标域之前,有着清晰的思维脉络,可以总结的意象图式。这也证实了,隐喻不仅仅是可归纳总结得出的语言形式,更加是一种人类广泛具备的思维认知方法。通过始源域逐个分析,展现隐喻的发展变化。第四章节,阐述《诗经》中的隐喻成因,从三方面阐述:1.隐喻具有生成新意义的能力;2.始源域和目标域间的相似,引发的经验迁移;3.语言的多义性造就了隐喻,思维的整合性形成了隐喻和转喻。第五章节,是本文的结论部分,揭示了《诗经》的概念隐喻系统,验证了认知隐喻的内涵,即:抽象思维大部分是隐喻性的。本文是在认知语言学理论内,对《诗经》进行的创新性研究,希望能为将来的语用学研究,提供一个新的角度。
[Abstract]:The Book of songs is the first poetry collection in China, which consists of 305 poems, which are divided into three parts: wind, elegance and praise. The language style of the Book of songs is natural and beautiful. For a long time, through the study and understanding of western conceptual metaphor by Chinese linguists, we find that there are abundant metaphorical expressions in the Book of songs when we go through the Book of songs. Therefore, the Book of songs is not only a treasure of Chinese culture, but also a valuable resource for linguistics, rhetoric and literary studies. Reviewing the existing historical data, the author finds that there are few case studies on classical poetry from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. Therefore, taking the Book of songs as the corpus, starting from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, combining with the relevant theories of conceptual metaphor, through the interpretation and appreciation of different angles of view, this paper concludes the conceptual metaphor system of the Book of songs. It will be a new attempt of cognitive linguistics theory in the interpretation of the Book of songs. The theory of "conceptual metaphor" was originally put forward by American linguists George Lakoff and Mark Johnsen. This paper follows their theoretical views, analyzes the metaphors in the Book of songs, and refines the cultural connotations through sorting out the origin and target domains. Finally, the author tries to find out the metaphorical commonality in pre-Qin culture. The first chapter is the introduction of conceptual metaphor and the Book of songs. Through the understanding of three categories of conceptual metaphor, namely, structural metaphor, orientation metaphor and substantive metaphor, the author determines the conceptual criteria to be selected in the Book of songs. The significance of this paper is emphasized. The second chapter is the typical metaphorical types of the Book of songs. Through reading the texts of the Book of songs, we conclude four important origin domains: plants, animals, insects and climate. These origination domains are composed of the concepts of high frequency, which reflect the thinking mode of the ancestors. Therefore, they are generally representative. Through the example analysis, the author summarizes the mapping process from the source domain to the target domain. The third chapter discusses the metaphorical cognitive analysis in the Book of songs. Plants, animals, insects, and climate form an ecosystem origin domain, and the target domain they map to is an abstract, incomprehensible concept. From the origin domain to the target domain, there is a clear thinking context, can be summed up image schema. It also proves that metaphor is not only a generalizable language form, but also a widely available cognitive method. Through the analysis of the origin domain, the development and change of metaphor are revealed. The fourth chapter expounds the causes of metaphor in the Book of songs, and expounds the causes of metaphor from three aspects: 1. Metaphor has the ability to generate new meanings. The similarity between the origin domain and the target domain leads to the transfer of experience. The polysemy of language makes metaphor, and the integrality of thinking forms metaphor and metonymy. The fifth chapter, which is the conclusion of this paper, reveals the conceptual metaphor system of the Book of songs and verifies the connotation of cognitive metaphor, that is, abstract thinking is mostly metaphorical. This paper is an innovative study of the Book of songs in the theory of cognitive linguistics in the hope that it can provide a new perspective for the future study of pragmatics.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I207.22

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