《诗经》饮食描写及其文化意蕴与价值

发布时间：2018-05-13 16:26

本文选题：西周 + 饮食描写　；参考：《青海师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：《诗经》作为我国古代诗歌的开端,盛开在美丽的先秦时代,它通过305篇乐歌向我们展现了两千多年前人们的生活面貌。它产生的年代,上可追溯到西周初年,下可延伸至春秋中叶。所谓“食色,性也”,《诗经》中的饮食描写有近百处,这些饮食描写或生动或平实,或庄重肃穆或言笑晏晏,都诠释着西周时期独有的思想和文化。食物属于《诗经》名物研究领域的自然名物部分,饮食器具却又属于人工名物部分,涉及范围较广,现有的研究成果只散见于一些学者的专著和论文中,而从《诗经》入手,全面分析《诗经》饮食描写的研究成果少之又少。所以笔者尝试从《诗经》文本出发,多角度、多层次地分析《诗经》饮食描写中所蕴含的价值与文化意蕴,探讨《诗经》饮食描写所体现的周人思想。本文分为绪论、正文、结语三部分。绪论部分主要梳理了前人对于《诗经》名物、民俗和《诗经》饮食的研究成果,阐述选题意义,说明本论文的创新之处及其所采用的研究方法。正文部分分为三章,大致内容如下:第一章,为《诗经》饮食描写。主要分为“饮食结构”、“饮食器具”两个大类别,首先借助《说文解字》、《尔雅》、《释名》、《毛诗正义》等一系列文献资料,对《诗经》中饮食描写涉及到的饮食、器具名称进行考释,其次对每个名物从写什么、如何写的角度,分析其在诗中的意义、特色与作用,认为《诗经》饮食之描写,显现出不同于现代社会饭菜分离的饮食结构,它模糊了饭菜的区别,却更深刻地体现了食者地位的悬殊。第二章,重点论述了《诗经》饮食描写的价值,包括“《诗经》饮食描写的文学价值”、“《诗经》饮食描写的艺术审美价值”和“《诗经》饮食描写的认识价值”。关于文学价值,本文着重探讨了《诗经》饮食描写中食物和器具复杂的象征意味和巧妙的叙事手法,尤其是当饮食描写与人的情志融合时,散发的浓郁情味;艺术审美方面,偏向于探寻先秦食物质朴的风格及对器物精致的塑造,体现了周人注重内在的人生态度;认识价值方面,则重在对孔子“多识鸟兽草木之名”观念的解释与对当时农业文明的促进作用,认识到孔子的“诗教”既在于识物,更在于名物所蕴含的审美意味与社会意味。第三章,主要对《诗经》饮食描写所蕴含的文化意蕴进行了探讨。首先阐明了饮食之礼在祭祀诗和宴饮诗中体现着周人强烈的理性精神和严密的规范意识,其次探讨了周礼对西周社会文化起维护等级制社会秩序、引导族群和谐安宁、加强群体凝聚力、尊老养老等功用,最后阐明了《诗经》饮食描写中所体现的周人思想观念:敬天保民、道之以德、以和为贵。饮食与礼乐配合着统治阶级的需要而出现于诗经中,最终目的还是在于维护周天子的统治秩序及其倡导的伦理道德,从这方面讲,饮食描写有着明显的功利性。结语部分则对本文作了简要总结,并对自己在写作过程中可能存在的问题和不足作了自我批评。
[Abstract]:The Book of songs, as the beginning of ancient Chinese poetry, bloomed in the beautiful pre-Qin period. It showed us the life of people more than 2,000 years ago through 305 songs. Its generation dates back to the early Western Zhou Dynasty and extends to the middle of the Spring and Autumn period. The so-called "eating color, sex is also", the "Book of songs" in the description of diet there are nearly 100, these dietary descriptions are vivid or plain, or solemn Yan Yan, interpretation of the Western Zhou Dynasty unique ideas and culture. Food belongs to the natural part of the research field of the Book of songs, while the food utensils belong to the part of artificial famous objects, which covers a wide range. The existing research results are only scattered in the monographs and papers of some scholars, and start with the Book of songs. The comprehensive analysis of the Diet description of the Book of songs is rare. Therefore, the author tries to analyze the value and cultural implication contained in the diet description of the Book of songs from various angles and from various angles, and probes into the Zhou people's thought embodied in the diet description of the Book of songs. This paper is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction part mainly combs the predecessors' research achievements on the famous objects, folklore and diet of the Book of songs, expounds the significance of the selected topic, and explains the innovation of this paper and the research methods adopted in this paper. The main body is divided into three chapters. The main contents are as follows: the first chapter is the description of diet in the Book of songs. It is mainly divided into two categories: "Dietary structure" and "Catering utensils". First of all, with the help of a series of documents and materials, such as "Shuo Wen Jie Zi", < er ya >, "explanation of names", "Mao Shi Jie" and so on, the diet described in the Book of songs is related to the diet. Secondly, from the angle of what to write and how to write, to analyze the meaning, characteristics and functions of each famous thing in the poem, and to think that the description of diet in the Book of songs shows a diet structure different from the separation of food in modern society. It obscures the difference between meals, but more profoundly reflects the disparity in the status of a predator. The second chapter focuses on the value of diet description in the Book of songs, including the Literary value of Diet description, the artistic Aesthetic value of Diet description and the Cognitive value of Diet description in the Book of songs. With regard to literary value, this paper focuses on the complex symbolic meaning and ingenious narrative techniques of food and utensils in the diet description of the Book of songs. In favor of exploring the pristine style of food in the pre-Qin period and the exquisite shaping of the utensils, the Zhou people pay attention to their inner attitude towards life and understand the value. It focuses on the explanation of Confucius' concept of "knowing more about the name of birds, animals, plants and trees" and its promotion to the agricultural civilization at that time. It is realized that Confucius'"poetic education" lies not only in the knowledge of things, but also in the aesthetic and social meanings contained in the famous things. The third chapter mainly discusses the cultural implication of the diet description in the Book of songs. First of all, it expounds that the ritual of diet embodies the strong rational spirit and strict normative consciousness of Zhou people in the poems of sacrifice and banquets, and then probes into the idea that the rites of the Zhou Dynasty maintain the social order of hierarchy and guide the harmony of ethnic groups to the social culture of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Finally, the author expounds the Zhou people's ideology embodied in the description of diet in the Book of songs: respecting heaven and protecting the people, virtue as the Tao, and harmony as the most precious. The ultimate purpose of food and music in line with the needs of the ruling class in the Book of songs is to maintain the ruling order of the emperor of Zhou and the ethics advocated by him. In this respect, the description of diet has obvious utilitarian. The conclusion makes a brief summary and self-criticism of the possible problems and shortcomings in the process of writing.
【学位授予单位】：青海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I207.22

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