民国时期知识分子对“文以载道”的批判及其启示

发布时间：2018-06-10 10:09

本文选题：民国时期 + 文以载道　；参考：《辽宁大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：“文以载道”是中国古代文论中十分重要的经典理论命题,但民国时期的知识分子曾对其有过一场批判。本选题旨在梳理这场批判,探寻其文化和社会原因,以寻求在新世纪对“文以载道”乃至其他古代文论应作出的阐释理念,为中国当代文学理论建设、弘扬优秀传统文化献出微薄之力。“五四”新文化运动时期,思想文化界的先驱者为确立新的文化话语权,开始了对传统文化的清算,“文以载道”作为儒家文学的核心命题首当其冲遭到猛烈的批判。以文学研究会和创造社为代表的知识分子一致反对这一观念,构成了反载道的话语同盟,对其进行了比较彻底的解构。无产阶级革命文学思潮兴起之后,文论界依旧反对文学的训教意味,但是知识分子开始借用“文以载道”这一话语,把文学当做宣传的工具。甚至在“五四”时期批判这一命题的一些文人也转变观念,修改之前自己的言论,如周作人和郭沫若。其时文学的游戏和自娱态度渐浓,加之政治历史环境的影响,文论家们意图借用“文以载道”这一命题来强化文学内容的历史使命、社会作用和力量感。当新文学的话语权基本确立且较为稳定之后,有一些学者以较为冷静的态度开始重新思考“文以载道”问题,1932年周作人提出将中国文学观念划分为“言志”与“载道”两种主流,这一言论激活了学界对中国古代文学观念主流的划分的探讨,相关学者对“文以载道”观展开了一些学理性研究。民国时期的知识分子从不遗余力的反“载道”出发,仿佛转了一个圈,又不自觉地回到新“载道”的路上。究其批判“文以载道”的原因,大抵是由于面对西方的现代化时产生的文化不自信,使知识分子过分重视文学扭转乾坤的社会价值,且在理解西方文学理论时带有前理解结构,导致对“文以载道”产生了一些误解。另一方面,知识分子因其带有强烈的政治功利主义文学观,在反传统时没有进行思维模式的转变,从而流入新“载道”。朱自清等人对“文以载道”的研究对当代文学理论建设有及其重要的方法论意义。要正确认识“文以载道”的内涵,必须要摒弃一味地用西方和现代文学观念的价值尺度作为标准,来绳削古代文论的方法论态度。现阶段的文学理论研究应从空间和时间两方面均回归到其生成的语境,在原生场域中探究其原貌,才有可能最大程度接近真相。
[Abstract]:It is a very important classical theory proposition in ancient Chinese literary theory that "carrying the Tao in the text", but intellectuals in the period of the Republic of China once criticized it. The purpose of this topic is to sort out the criticism, to explore its cultural and social reasons, to seek for the interpretation of "literature with the Tao" and other ancient literary theories in the new century, and to build the contemporary literary theory of China. Carry forward the outstanding traditional culture to give a meager contribution. In the period of the May 4th New Culture Movement, the pioneers in the ideological and cultural circles began to liquidate the traditional culture in order to establish the new cultural discourse right. The intellectuals, represented by the Literary Research Society and the Creative Society, unanimously opposed this idea and formed a discourse alliance against the Tao, which was thoroughly deconstructed. After the proletarian revolutionary literary trend rose, the literary theory still opposed the teaching meaning of literature, but the intellectuals began to use the words "literature to carry the Tao" as a tool of propaganda. Even some scholars who criticized this proposition during the May 4th Movement changed their ideas and revised their previous statements, such as Zhou Zuoren and Guo Moruo. In addition to the influence of the political and historical environment, literary theorists intend to use the proposition of "literature to carry the Tao" to strengthen the historical mission, social role and sense of power of the literary content. When the discourse right of the new literature is basically established and relatively stable, Some scholars began to rethink the question of "writing in order to carry the Tao" with a more calm attitude. In 1932, Zhou Zuoren proposed that the concept of Chinese literature should be divided into two main streams: "expressing one's ambition" and "carrying Tao". This theory activates the academic circles to discuss the division of the mainstream of the ancient Chinese literature, and some scholars have carried out some rational studies on the view of "carrying the Tao in the text". The intellectuals in the period of the Republic of China set out from the unsparing anti-" carrying Tao ", as if they had turned a circle, and unconsciously returned to the new way of" carrying the Tao ". The reason for its criticism of "literature as a way" is probably due to the cultural disconfidence in the face of the modernization of the West, which makes intellectuals pay too much attention to the social value of literature's turning the world, and has a pre-understanding structure in understanding western literary theories. This has led to some misunderstandings about the text as a means of carrying the Tao. On the other hand, intellectuals, because of their strong political utilitarian literary view, did not change their thinking mode when they were opposed to tradition, thus flowing into the new "Tao". Zhu Ziqing et al.'s research on the Tao of Literature is of great methodological significance to the construction of contemporary literary theory. In order to correctly understand the connotation of "literature carrying Tao", we must abandon the methodological attitude of blindly using the value scale of western and modern literary concepts as the standard to cut off the ancient literary theory. At the present stage, literary theory research should return to the context of its formation from both space and time, and explore its original appearance in the original field, so that it can approach the truth as close as possible.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I206

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