清初士人“逃禅”现象及其对文学之影响研究
发布时间：2018-08-01 14:32
【摘要】：在异族入主的历史冲击以及明季思想风气的双重影响之下,大批士人选择剃染披缁、遁迹佛门,遂于清初形成一场规模空前的逃禅风潮。由于他们“弃儒归释”的行为不仅在形式上有别于此前历代的士大夫禅悦,而且在行动上度越了儒、释之间的底线,故而对清初士人文化品格以及士大夫文化传统造成前所未有的触动,而明清鼎革的特殊性,亦使清初逃禅在超尘出世的宗教解脱气质中犹有一种龙性难驯的血性,从而在清代文学、宗教、文化等诸多领域映射出一种“火中生莲”式的独异光彩。易言之,清初士人逃禅现象是在极为特殊且复杂的历史文化环境中衍生的一场文化动荡。它的发展脉络跨越了明、清两个朝代,它的文化根源含纳了儒、释、道三教思想在士大夫文化传统中的相互激荡,而其文化关系又包含着明清因革过程中政治、文化、宗教等若干因素的力量消长,并折射出彼时士大夫阶层精神炼狱式的思想救赎过程。这些内容通过逃禅士人的文学实践直接或间接地融注到各种体裁的文学文本当中,成为考察彼时文学与文化因革的重要参照。遗憾的是,明清佛教与文学关系的研究一直相对薄弱,学界对清初逃禅现象认识长期依附于遗民研究,而文化视野下的文学研究并不多见。为此,本文将清初士人逃禅现象作为研究起点,以其生住异灭的发展脉络为经,以其关涉的重要政治、宗教、文化、文学现象为纬,综合利用文献考证、诗史互证、互文性文本解读等研究方法,对逃禅事迹进行钩沉、考辨、归类,对逃禅现象的成因、走向、思想特质、文学与文化影响进行具体讨论,并藉此对清初文学的文化肌理、发展脉络进行更为细致的勾勒。此外,通过前述内容的讨论,亦可对逃禅现象与清初宗教生态、文化格局的关系形成更为信实、全面的观照,进而对于考察整个十七世纪中国文学的嬗变以及彼时宗教、文化史的变迁皆有一定的认识价值。
[Abstract]:Under the influence of the historical impact of the foreign race and the ideological atmosphere of the Ming Dynasty, a large number of scholars chose to shave and dye the garb to escape the Buddhist gate, and then formed an unprecedented tide of escaping Zen in the early Qing Dynasty. Because their behavior of "abandoning Confucianism and returning to Buddhism" is not only in form different from the Zen pleasure of scholars and officials in previous dynasties, but also in their actions they have overstepped the bottom line between Confucianism and Buddhism. Therefore, the cultural character of the scholars and the cultural tradition of the literati and officials in the early Qing Dynasty had never been touched. However, the particularity of the Ming and Qing dynasties also made the escape of Zen in the early Qing Dynasty still have a kind of blood which is difficult to train in the transcendent religious liberation. Thus, in the Qing Dynasty literature, religion, culture and many other fields mapped out a "lotus in the fire" type of unique brilliance. In other words, the phenomenon of scholars fleeing Zen in the early Qing Dynasty was a cultural turbulence derived from the extremely special and complicated historical and cultural environment. Its development has spanned the Ming and Qing dynasties. Its cultural roots include the mutual agitation of Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and Taoism in the cultural tradition of literati and bureaucrats, and its cultural relations include politics and culture in the process of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Some factors, such as religion, rise and fall, and reflect the spiritual purgatory process. These contents directly or indirectly melt into the literary texts of various genres through the literary practice of escaping Zen scholars and become an important reference for the investigation of literature and culture at that time. Unfortunately, the study of the relationship between Buddhism and literature in the Ming and Qing dynasties has been relatively weak, and scholars' understanding of the phenomenon of escaping from Zen in the early Qing Dynasty has been attached to the study of the bereaved people for a long time. Therefore, this article regards the phenomenon of the scholars fleeing Zen in the early Qing Dynasty as the starting point of the research, taking the development of its birth and death as the sutra, taking the important political, religious, cultural and literary phenomena involved in it as the latitude, synthetically making use of the textual research of the literature and the mutual proof of the history of poetry. The research methods, such as intertextuality, text interpretation, and so on, are used to analyze, study and classify the deeds of escaping Zen, and to discuss the causes, trends, ideological characteristics, literature and cultural influence of the phenomenon of escaping from Zen specifically, and then to discuss the cultural texture of literature in the early Qing Dynasty. The development of the context for a more detailed outline. In addition, through the discussion of the above-mentioned contents, we can also form a more reliable and comprehensive view of the relationship between the phenomenon of escaping Zen and the religious ecology and cultural pattern in the early Qing Dynasty, and then examine the evolution of Chinese literature throughout the 17th century and the religion of that time. The changes of cultural history have certain cognitive value.
【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I206.2
，
本文编号：2157886
[Abstract]:Under the influence of the historical impact of the foreign race and the ideological atmosphere of the Ming Dynasty, a large number of scholars chose to shave and dye the garb to escape the Buddhist gate, and then formed an unprecedented tide of escaping Zen in the early Qing Dynasty. Because their behavior of "abandoning Confucianism and returning to Buddhism" is not only in form different from the Zen pleasure of scholars and officials in previous dynasties, but also in their actions they have overstepped the bottom line between Confucianism and Buddhism. Therefore, the cultural character of the scholars and the cultural tradition of the literati and officials in the early Qing Dynasty had never been touched. However, the particularity of the Ming and Qing dynasties also made the escape of Zen in the early Qing Dynasty still have a kind of blood which is difficult to train in the transcendent religious liberation. Thus, in the Qing Dynasty literature, religion, culture and many other fields mapped out a "lotus in the fire" type of unique brilliance. In other words, the phenomenon of scholars fleeing Zen in the early Qing Dynasty was a cultural turbulence derived from the extremely special and complicated historical and cultural environment. Its development has spanned the Ming and Qing dynasties. Its cultural roots include the mutual agitation of Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and Taoism in the cultural tradition of literati and bureaucrats, and its cultural relations include politics and culture in the process of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Some factors, such as religion, rise and fall, and reflect the spiritual purgatory process. These contents directly or indirectly melt into the literary texts of various genres through the literary practice of escaping Zen scholars and become an important reference for the investigation of literature and culture at that time. Unfortunately, the study of the relationship between Buddhism and literature in the Ming and Qing dynasties has been relatively weak, and scholars' understanding of the phenomenon of escaping from Zen in the early Qing Dynasty has been attached to the study of the bereaved people for a long time. Therefore, this article regards the phenomenon of the scholars fleeing Zen in the early Qing Dynasty as the starting point of the research, taking the development of its birth and death as the sutra, taking the important political, religious, cultural and literary phenomena involved in it as the latitude, synthetically making use of the textual research of the literature and the mutual proof of the history of poetry. The research methods, such as intertextuality, text interpretation, and so on, are used to analyze, study and classify the deeds of escaping Zen, and to discuss the causes, trends, ideological characteristics, literature and cultural influence of the phenomenon of escaping from Zen specifically, and then to discuss the cultural texture of literature in the early Qing Dynasty. The development of the context for a more detailed outline. In addition, through the discussion of the above-mentioned contents, we can also form a more reliable and comprehensive view of the relationship between the phenomenon of escaping Zen and the religious ecology and cultural pattern in the early Qing Dynasty, and then examine the evolution of Chinese literature throughout the 17th century and the religion of that time. The changes of cultural history have certain cognitive value.
【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I206.2
，
本文编号：2157886
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